aiqing - 愛情 - love or lust

aiwan - 挨晚 - dusk

Aligun - 阿里袞 - personal name

an'na - 按捺 - to restrain/control

anfeng - 案奉 - introduces a quotation from a document received from a higher official

anfu - 安撫 - pacify, calm

ang - 昂 - to rise

anjie - 案结 - case was closed

an-lü - 按律 - according to the statute (in the Qing Code)

an suozhong - 安所終 - How can it be ended?

anzhong - 暗中 - secretly

aoku - 襖褲 - quilted trousers

aoshen - 熬審 - non-stop interrogation

áoyú - 鳌鱼 - a mythical fish, with the head of a dragon and the body of a fish

ao - 厫 - variant for 廒; granary

ao - 抝 - to bend the rules; character variant for 拗

bachi - 把持 - dominate, control (unauthorized); to lay hold of illegally, take over (public functions)

baifa - 拜發 - respectfully dispatch a memorial

bai fa - 拜發 - respectfully dispatched

bailie - 擺列 - set up

baituo - 擺脫 - to cast off or throw off

Baiyiqiao - 白蟻橋 - place name

bai zhe - 拜摺 - sending off the memorial (lit. bowing to it)

bangfei - 幫費 - grain-transport surtax. (Originally levied to defray expenses of the labor-gangs (bang) that hauled grain up the Grand Canal. See Reference Notes 6.1)

bangyu - 蚌鷸 - mussel and snipe

banjun - 辦竣 - finish making arrangements

ban li bu shan - 辦理不善 - "if that magistrate has mismanaged"

banpian - 板片 - the wood block/tablet for printing

banqiang - 搬搶 - remove and steal

baobi - 包庇 - protect

baochou - 報仇 - getting revenge (as in a feud)

bao feng - 包封 - wrap up and seal

bao fen - 包分 - to round up (and pocket the difference); stratagem used by 書差 to extract more money

baohou - 保候 - guarantee a prisoner and have them stay at home while awaiting subpoena (傳訊) by local authorities

baolan - 包攬 - proxy remittance of taxes (or engrossment of any unauthorized local function, such as writing legal briefs)

bao qi du - 飽其蠧 - seek illicit profit(by taking advantage of their job),line their own pockets

baowen - 報聞 - this was noted by His Majesty

baoying yingguo - 報應因果 - Buddhist teaching on the connection of cause and effect

bao zheng - 保正 - headmen of bao mutual responsibility groups; headman of a ward

baozhu - 爆竹 - firecracker

baozou - 保奏 - submit memorials of recommendation

bao - 報 - special dispatch by military post

bayue... - 八月 - the date and senders of the original memorial

bei gaofa - 被告發 - accused in a complaint

beige - 被革 - was cashiered

beini ziju - 悖逆字句 - rebellious language

beixie liangmin - 被脅良民 - good commoners who have been coerced [into joining the rebellion]

beizhong xiepo - 被眾脅迫 - coerced by the mob

ben'nei - 本內 - in the memorial (text of the ti-ben)

ben ri - 本日 - the date of the edict; presumably, the date Yu-tai's memorial was received

bense zhese - 本色折色 - tax in kind and tax commuted to money payment

ben sheli fu - 本攝理府 - this prefect, serving on interim appointment

bianshen - 編審 - census and land registration

bianzuo - 變作 - uprising occurred

bian - 弁 - military officers

bie qing - 別情 - other facts (as yet unrevealed)

biji - 比及 - by the time that...

biling - 逼令 - coerce

bili - 鄙俚 - vulgar

binfen - 繽紛 - in riotous profusion

bing'guan - 稟官 - inform the authorities

bingbao - 稟報 - report to a superior official

bingcheng - 稟稱 - "the report says"

bing cheng - 稟稱 - said in a petition (to the memorialist; here again, the phrase immediately following is quoted from the document just referred to)

binggu - 病故 - die of disease

bingji - 稟賫 - presented in a report

bingwei yanji - 並未言及 - did not speak of it at all

bingyi - 兵役 - troops

bing - 並 - (negative intensifier)

bing - 併 - amalgamate

bini - 避匿 - avoid, elude

biyi - 裨益 - advantage

bizhi lianji - 俾知歛戢 - "so that (they) might know some self-restraint"

bi - 偪 - advance on

bi - 獘 - malpractice

bochi - 駁斥 - expose an error or untruth (駮＝駁）

bochi - 駁飭 - denial or rebuttal; overturn; a reversal of the judgment

Bo Qiu - 播酋 - Tribal Chieftain of Bōzhōu 播州(Guìzhōu), namely, Yáng Yīnglóng楊應龍

boshi - 白適 - this seems to be a variant of 白事, "to explain a matter"

boyi - 撥醫 - assign a doctor

bu'an - 部案 - the case (decided by) the Board

bucongzhe - 不從者 - any who fails to obey

budeng - 不等 - in unequal numbers

bufang - 不妨 - no impediment to

bufu - 不敷 - insufficient

bugan - 不甘 - be unwilling

buken - 不肯 - to be unwilling to

buning weishi - 不寧惟是 - not only this; and that is not all

bu qi - 不齊 - not united

busheng haiyi - 不勝駭異 - shocked beyond end

bu si fu dao - 部司府道 - ministries, bureaus, prefectures and circuits

buting - 捕廳 - officials charged with arrest of criminals

butu shigong - 不吐實供 - not give a true deposition, "not spit out the truth." In this case gong means confession, but the term also applies to other forms of sworn statements.

buwang shalu - 不妄殺戮 - refrain from indiscriminate slaughter

buwen - 部文 - communication from the Board (of Revenue)

buying de wei er wei - 不應得為而為 - [the statute against] doing that which ought not to be done

buyi - 捕役 - yamen runners empowered to make arrests

buyi - 部議 - the board has recommended

buyu qinan - 不與其難 - did not share his fate

buzhengsi - 布政司 - Provincial Administration Commission

buzhi ci shuren - 不止此數人 - not limited to these few people

bu zhiqing - 不知情 - not know the situation

buzhi zi'ai - 不知自愛 - not know self-respect (i.e., right conduct)

bu - 堡 - village (also postal station, where it is pronounced pu)

bu - 部 - the board

caiji...xingfu - 才既...性復 - "not only is his ability...(but) his character is also..."

caiju - 才具 - ability; talent

Cai Shaoxun - 蔡紹勳 - personal name

caitai - 裁汰 - eliminate

caiyou chuzhong - 才猷出眾 - of exceptional talent and wisdom

cai - 才 - talent; ability

cai - 採 - pick, gather

candao - 飡刀 - knife used for cutting meat

cangcu - 倉卒 - in the excitement; or, too hastily

cangku - 倉庫 - granary; granaries and treasuries

cangni - 藏匿 - conceal, hide

canzou - 參奏 - impeach by memorial

caofu - 漕賦 - the grain tribute system

caogen mupi - 草根木皮 - grass-roots and tree-bark (standard famine fare)

caoliang - 漕糧 - tax grain transported by water

caomi - 漕米 - tribute grain tax

caoshou - 操守 - personal integrity

caoshuai liaoshi - 草率了事 - bungle; carelessly handle/conclude a case

caowu jibi - 漕務積弊 - accumulated malpractices in the tribute-grain tax system

cao - 漕 - the transport by water of grain, esp. tax grain

cejie - 冊結 - complete the record book of an inspected official

chafang - 查訪 - investigation

chaifang - 差房 - the clerks' office

chaihui - 拆毀 - demolish; destroy

chai - 差 - as in 坐里之差; bailifs or runners for the court (similar to 差役)

chakan - 查勘 - inspect

chana yanjin - 查拏嚴緊 - "efforts to arrest him were rigorous"

chana - 查拏 - found and arrested (na 拏 is an alternate form of na 拿)

chancheng - 欃槍 - a comet (an evil omen signifying rebellion; by extension, the leader of a rebellion)

changge - 常格 - ordinary rules

changluan - 倡亂 - lead an uprising

changyi - 倡義 - volunteered (as a public service), aid in the name of righteousness

chaochu - 抄出 - to copy out

chaolu - 抄錄 - copy out (the barbarians' draft)

chaonao - 吵鬧 - dispute, raise a ruckus

chazhi - 查知 - found out

cha - 查 - I have found (from the written record) that...

Chen Baoming - 陳寶銘 - personal name

chen chahe - 臣查核 - your official has investigated

chen cishi - 趁此時 - take advantage of this occasion

chendeng - 臣等 - your ministers (here begins the body of the memorial).

chengban - 懲辦 - punished

chengchu - 呈出 - submit (as a draft of an edict, for the emperor's approval)

chengci - 呈詞 - legal brief

Chengde xian - 承德縣 - County in present Hebei, outside the Wall, site of the imperial summer capital

chengkong - 呈控 - present a legal plaint (about...)

chengmai - 承買 - purchase on behalf of

Cheng qianhu - 程千戶 - personal name: Battalion Commander Cheng; Chiliarc Cheng

chengsheng - 乘勝 - taking advantage of [previous] victories

chengshen - 承審 - to preside over a trial

chengxiong - 逞兇 - acted violently

chengzhi - 懲治 - correct and punish, admonish

Cheng Zhonghe - 程中和 - personal name

chengzhun - 承准 - receive (a document, from above)

cheng - 稱 - said (in his memorial)

chenke - 辰刻 - 7-9 a.m.

chen ming - 陳明 - state clearly

chen - 臣 - your minister (Although chen was the standard self-reference of Han officials, many Manchu officials used the term nu-cai ("your slave"), despite imperialinstructions to the contrary. See Wu 1967, 51, 71.)

cheren - 撤任 - relieve from duties

che - 掣 - to extract

chi'na - 飭拿 - orders to arrest

chibu - 敕部 - order the Board

chige - 斥革 - cashiered (from licentiate status)

chiwei - 飭委 - order (somebody to do something)

chixie - 持械 - take up arms

chixing - 飭行 - issue an order [for the memorialist's administrative discipline]

chixing - 飭行 - order that ... be carried out

chi yan - 遲延 - procrastinate, dawdle

chi yu zhi yang - 池魚之殃 - disasters suffered by outsiders or innocents

chi - 敕 - an imperial command

chi - 飭 - to order

chi - 馳 - hurry

Chonglun - 崇綸，恆祺 - Heng-qi,personal names

Chongyang xian - 崇陽縣 - place name

Chong yang … guan - 崇陽。。。官 - (summarizes the memorial)

Chong yang … you - 崇陽。。。由 - (summary of the memorial)

chong - 充 - to fill a position

chouyuan - 讐怨 - hatred and desire for revenge (a yitizi of more common 仇怨)

chou - 仇 - nemesis, longstanding enemy

chou - 讐 - variant of 讎

chu...wai - 除...外 - besides...

chuanbo - 傳播 - The 播 in the document is written with 米 in the upper right corner

chuansuo - 串唆 - to team up to instigate

chuanxi - 傳習 - propagate, proselytize

chuanyu - 傳諭 - transmit this edict [Qianlong is still giving orders to the Grand Council.]

chuan - 串 - collude with

chubao anliang - 除暴安良 - do away with troublemakers and bring peace to law-abiding subjects

chudu - 除蠧 - to eliminate corruption

chufen -處分 - sanctions for administrative offenses

chu shi - 出示 - issue a proclamation

chu yi zhen jing - 處以鎮靜 - "handle the situation with composure"

chuzhi - 處治 - punish

Chu - 楚 - the provinces of Hu-bei and Hu-nan

chu - 除 - besides, apart from

chu - 除 - besides...

ci'an - 此案 - this case

cixu ruli - 賜卹如例 - bestow posthumous rewards in accordance with the (appropriate) substatute

ci - 詞 - phraseology, a document

ci - 辭 - excuses

congkuan liuren - 從寬留任 - magnanimously allowed to remain in his post (but bearing the reduced rank)

cuan'ni - 竄匿 - skulk away and hide

cuan yue - 竄越 - escape (across borders?)

cuan - 篡 - illegally

cuike - 催科 - dun for taxes

cuizheng - 催徵 - collect ("urge" payment of) taxes

cui zhi bu li - 催之不理 - their pressures were ignored

cunzhe - 寸磔 - dismemberment, or sometimes used for 凌遲

cuozhi Puqi chengwai - 挫之蒲圻城外 - defeated (held) them outside the walls of Puqi

dabing - 大兵 - government troops (polite way of referring to troops of legitimate ruler)

dadun - 打盹 - doze off

dai...ji - 迨...即 - only when...thereupon...

dai...shi - 迨...始 - only when..., then...

dai ge pu - 代各堡 - on behalf of all the villages/towns

dailing yinjian - 帶領引見 - escort to Imperial audience (after which the new appointment would normally be approved)

daishou qihuo - 代受其禍 - may even bear the brunt of the disaster

dai xing dai yin - 代行代印 - act (and) employ the seal, in the capacity of a substitute

daizhi - 迨至 - by the time

daizui - 戴罪 - bearing his punishment [on his official record] This refers to his administrative punishment (chufen), which will be added to his official title as gezhiliuren.

daji - 大計 - Grand Accounting (Qing officials in the provinces were evaluated (kao-cheng 考成) annually by their provincial superiors. The "Grand Accounting" summarized these evaluations trienially and reported them to the capital.)

dali - 大吏 - high officials

Damingdao - 大名道 - circuit intendant of the Da-Shun-Guang Circuit (situated at Damingfu, whence the conventional name of the post. See Playfair.)

danfu - 擔負 - to shoulder and to carry on the back

dangan - 胆敢 - dared to [胆=膽]

dan gan - 膽敢 - dared to …

dāng chāi - 当差 - yamen runner, clerk

dangjing - 當經 - immediately

dang ji - 當即 - thereupon immediately…

dangyu - 黨羽 - gang

danluo - 膽落 - panic stricken, be scared out of one's wits

dan ruo - 單弱 - weak

dao'an - 到案 - brought to trial

daoan - 盜案 - cases of robbery

daobi - 刀筆 - pettifogger

daobi - 撥奩之資 - funds allocated to dowry

daobu - 到部 - came to the board (i.e. the memorialist's board, that of Civil Appointments 吏部)

daofu dayuan - 道府大員 - high officials of the circuits and prefectures (i.e., taotais and prefects)

daojie - 盜劫 - robbery

daoyou - 導誘 - entice

dao - 道 - counter for imperial edicts

dasuo - 大索 - search for . . . all around

dà táng - 大堂 - the meeting hall in the local magistrate's where official business was handled

daxing - 大刑 - great punishments (military suppression)

daxueshi gong Fu - 大學士公傅 - Grand Secretary, Duke Fu[-heng).

daxueshi - 大學士 - Find these grand secretaries by using the tables in Qian Shifu, Qingdai zhiguan nianbiao 清代職官年表, 1980.

daxueshi - 大學士 - Grand Secretary. Note that Fu-heng is referred to in his role as Grand Secretary, not his role as Grand Councillor.

dayu - 大獄 - a major incident (involving illegality and punishment)

dengjie - 燈節 - the Lantern Festival (the 15th of the first lunar month)

dengqing - 等情 - close quote (indicates that this phraseology was drawn from the original memorial)

deng xiang - 等項 - such matters (i.e., various kinds of expenditures)

dengyin - 等因 -

dengyu - 等語 - (signifies end of summary of depositions)

deshou - 得手 - gain success

dianshi - 典史 - jail warden; police chief

dianya - 巔崕 - steep cliff

Dian - 滇 - short designation for Yunnan

diaobo - 調撥 - to deploy

diaoci kanxun - 弔詞勘訊 - demand an investigation

diao ji - 調集 - transferred and assembled (where do you suppose these troops were originally supposed to be sent?)

diaonan - 刁難 - to make things difficult

diaoren - 調任 - transferred to... (but not yet taken office)

diaotu - 刁徒 - troublemaker, hooligan, ruffian, "bad element"

diaoyuan - 窵遠 - distant

diao - 調 - transferred

diding - 地丁 - combined term for land tax and corvee labor

diedao - 跌倒

die - 疊 - repeatedly

diguzhen - 糴穀賑 - grain purchase fund, for famine relief

dingchuan - 丁船 - soldiers and boats (in the grain-transport service)

dingfei - 鼎沸 - in an uproar

dingli - 定例 - routine practice

dingni juzou - 定擬具奏 - memorialize proposing a [criminal] sentence

dingni - 定擬 - render a verdict

Dingsiqiao yingqia - 丁四僑營卡 - the military post at Dingsiqia

dingxian - 定限 - let the time limit be...

dingxin - 頂心 - the top of the head (Judicial reports on bodily injury are always very specific.)

dingxu - 丁胥 - grain-tribute troops or yamen-clerks

dinv - 嫡女 - the daughter of a primary wife

diyu - 抵禦 - defend

di zhi tu ci - 遞至途次 - "forward to [Yu-tai's] stops enroute"

di - 堤 - an embankment or dike

dongliangcai - 棟樑材 - literally "ridge-pole timber;" "ridge-pole" is often used to imply central support (i.e. of the state, of a movement), and "timber" to imply talent

Dongpingxun - 東平汛 - place-name, in this case probably the site of a military post (xun)

dou na - 兜拏 - arrest, seize

duan'an - 斷案 - to judge/settle a lawsuit

duan bu - 斷不 - definitely not

duan - 斷 - (negative intensifier)

duan - 斷 - negative intensifier; by no means

du ban - 督辦 - manage, supervise

dubiao - 督標 - See Brunnert and Hagelstrom for this military unit.

ducha - 督查 - supervise and investigate

dudu da yuanshuai - 都督大元帥 - commander-in-chief and grand marshal

dufu - 督撫 - governor-general and governor; Two Magnates

duiyun shifei - 兌運實費 - the actual amounts levied for transport expenses

du jiao - 堵剿 - blockade and exterminate; suppress; put down

dunjian - 頓減 - immediately fell

dun - 遁 - escape

duobi - 躲避 - to hide; go into hiding

duode - 奪得 - seize, catch

duosuo - 多索 - further extort

dushuai - 督率 - lead

dutong - 蠧同 - both resemble vermin

En te heng e - 恩特亨額 - (p.n., a Mongol. He and Fu-ni-yang-a, a Manchu, may be looked up in the Qian tables, starting your search with the index in vol. 4)

enzhi - 恩旨 - benevolent rescript

erdeng - 爾等 - you

ershou shixiao - 而收實效 - and get real results

ertang - 二堂 - the room behind the meeting hall in the local magistrate's where official business was handled

er - 邇 - in the recent past

eshou - 扼守 - hold (as a military position)

exi - 惡習 - despicable custom

fabing - 發稟 - issue a petition (to higher authorities)

fajiao - 發交 - remand to

faluo - 發落 - deal with (an offender)

fan'an - 犯案 - break the law

fangcha - 訪察 - investigation

fang du - 防堵 - defend and blockade

fan ge - 反戈 - to turn on one's former allies

fangfan - 防範 - to guard

fang mian - 方免 - only thus can we avoid …

Fang muyou - 方幕友 - personal name: Secretary Fang

fangwu - 房屋 - house

fang - 方 - only then; only when (才)

fanjian - 犯姦 - to commit adultery

fan si - 藩司 - provincial treasurer

fanxue - 樊學 - abbreviation of 樊迟學稼, the time of planting grain

fanyi - 翻異 - retract testimony

fapei - 發配 - banish (to)

faqian - 發遣 - banish

faren - 乏人 - lacking a [suitable] man

fa suo nandai - 法所難貸 - that which the law cannot forgive

fa - 法 - law; also, methods (of governance, as in bianfa)

feibian - 匪變 - 'When bandits revolt', but also 'without revolt'.

feibi tianri - 飛蔽天日 - flew (so that they) darkened the sun and the sky

feifugan - 肺腑肝 - the bottom of one's heart, literally "lungs, inner organs, and liver"

feisu - 飛速 - speedily

fei tu - 匪徒 - bandits

fenbie lulie - 分別臚列 - list separately

fen bie yan ban - 分別嚴辦 - in each case, prosecute rigorously

fenfa gesheng - 分發各省 - was listed as eligible for a post in the provinces

fenfei - 分肥 - "divide the fat" (split the profit)

fenfu - 吩咐 - order

fengci - 奉此 - (a respectful close-quote)

feng shangyu - 奉上諭 - received an imperial edict.

Fengtian fu - 奉天府 - Fengtian Prefecture (modern Shenyang)

fengwen - 風聞 - it was learned that...

fengxionghuaji - 逢凶化吉 - to land on one's feet

fengzhi - 奉旨 - an edict was received (The seven characters that follow would have appeared in red on the first fold of the original ti-ben.)

feng - 峯 - variant for 峰

fenhen - 憤恨 - angry

fenjugecuan - 分居各爨 - to divide family property and live separately (lit. to live separately and each cook for oneself)

fenju - 分居 - live separately (as distinct from living as an "estate household", or jia)

fenwen - 分文 - one copper cash

fenxiang guidao - 焚香跪道 - burn incense and kneel by the roadside

fenxun Song-Tai dao - 分巡松太道 - the circuit intendant (dao-tai) assigned to the Song(-jiang) Tai(-cang) circuit

fen - 焚 - burn

Foyi - 佛夷 - French barbarians

fo - 佛 - oppose

fu bao - 附報 - appended: the original memorial

fubu - 符布 - charms

fucuo - 浮厝 - to place a coffin in a temporary shelter

fufei - 浮費 - excess (collection) for expenses; in essence, a surtax

fu he - 附和 - adhere

fu jiang zhi - 復降旨 - issued another decree (in response to this second concern of the memorialist)

fujing - 甫經 - had just...

fule - 浮勒 - superfluous (levies) and extortionate (practices)

fuqi huangshang ruijian - 伏乞皇上睿鑒 - humbly begging Your Majesty's sage consideration

fuqi - 伏乞 - I humbly beg (Your Majesty)

fushen - 覆審 - retrial; appeal

fu shou liang - 浮收糧 - received grain taxes in excess

fushou - 俯首 - bow their heads (to confess)

fushu - 符書 - written charms, (presumably part of the invincibility magic of these "boxers")

fusi - 伏思 - respectfully opine (less colorfully: "It is our opinion that... ")

fuxian - 撫憲 - governor

fuye - 復業 - resume their occupations

fuyin - 府尹 - prefect (note that the "prefect" of Fengtian was equivalent in rank to a provincial governor.)

fu zai bu rong - 覆載不容 - intolerable to heaven and earth

fuzhen - 復振 - to restore order

fuzhe - 覆辙 - the track of an overturned cart,the experience of failure

fuzhe - 附摺 - attachment to memorial already composed but not yet sent

fuzhou - 符咒 - charms and incantations

fuzou - 覆奏 - memorialize in response

fu - 俘 - (likely meaning) 獻俘, to present a prisoner

fu - 副 - vice-

fu - 復 - furthermore; and further...

fu - 敷 - to be sufficient

fu - 浮 - excessive

fu - 甫 - just (in the recent past), only just

fu - 賦 - prose poem

fu - 赴 - go

gaibu yizou - 該部議奏 - let the appropriate board deliberate and memorialize

gaibu zhidao - 該部知道 - "Let the relevant board be informed."

gaibu - 改補 - be transferred

gai chen yide - 該臣等議得 - "We, your officials, have deliberated."

gaidu - 該督 - the governor-general

gaifu - 該府 - said prefect

gaisheng - 該省 - the provincial authorities concerned

gan du na ban - 趕督拏辦 - speedily supervise the arrest and prosecution (lan 覽 is probably a scribal error for du 督)

Gangkouyi - 港口驛 - the courier post at Gangkou

ganjin - 趕緊 - speedily, forthwith

ganlei wugu - 干累無辜 - implicate innocent persons

ganlian - 幹練 - capable and experienced

Gan San - 甘三 - personal name

ganxin - 甘心 - willingly

ganyang - 趕羊 - to herd sheep

gaoshi - 告示 - proclamation

gaoyi - 告以 - tell (the barbarians)

gebian - 割辮 - queue-clipping (to use for sorcery)

gedengqing - 各等情

ge jiebao qianlai - 各揭報前來 - each made out his report and sent it forward

ge jiu suo shu - 各就所屬 - each to his own jurisdiction

gemao - 革卯 - remove from the rolls

gengshi - 更事 - to experience human affairs

genhui - 跟回 - return with him

genjiu - 根究 - thorough investigation

genjiu - 跟究 - to investigate

ge sheng - 革生 - removed from the examination (see also 革流徒生员)

gewai - 格外 - beyond the stipulated standard

gezhi yici - 各執一詞 - "each maintains his own position"

gezhi - 革職 - be cashiered

gēzi - 哥子 - elder brother

gongcheng - 供稱 - their depositions said … (there follows an excerpt from the depositions of these prisoners).

gongcheng - 工程 - construction work (on the dike)

gong chu - 供出 - testify; depose under interrogation

gongci - 供詞 - depositions

gongdu - 公牘 - official document

gonghou - 恭候 - respectfully await (a wishful depiction of the British attitude, but essential in corresponding with the Throne)

gongjie tiange - 供結填格 , - fill out a report

gongpu - 攻撲 - attack

gongzhao - 供招 - confessions

gong zhe ju zou - 恭摺具奏 - respectfully submit a memorial, respectfully memorialize

gongzhe - 恭摺 - bowing to the memorial (a ceremonial usage, best rendered as "respectfully. ")

gong - 供 - deposition (Note that gong also included court depositions other than criminal "confessions")

gong - 功 - merit, fruit (as in good result; in I.10 used ironically)

gou chuan - 勾串 - hook up with [the Chong-yang rebels]

gousong - 搆訟 - to bring about litigation

gu...yi... - 故...亦... - certainly..., (but) also... (故＝固)

guaidai - 拐帶 - abduct, kidnap

guaizhang buzhi - 乖張不職 - grossly unfit for the post

guaming - 挂名 - titular; in name only

Guandimiao - 關帝廟 - temple used to worship Guan Yu, a senior officer of the Shu State during the Three Kingdoms period

Guangping fu - 廣平府 - Guangping prefecture

Guan Hou - 關侯 - Proper Name; Marqius Guan

guan neige - 官內閣 - hold office in the Grand Secretariat

guanyi - 關役 - a runner (lowest class of office personnel) of a customs station

guanze... - 官則... - in the case of an official, ...

guan - 觀 - looking at, observing

gu congkuan - 姑從寬 - provisionally grant leniency

Gu Cong - 顧琮 - personal name

Gui'an - 歸安 - place names

guibi -規避 - evade

guicheng - 詭稱 - it is falsely claimed that … (note the official debunking of popular magical beliefs)

guìhuātīng - 桂花廳 - interior chambers of a house, where women resided

guiju - 歸局 - resolved, settled

guilian - 跪鍊 - to kneel on chains

guishu - 櫃書 - financial clerical subofficial

guisi - 癸巳 - cyclical designation of the day. Note that this amount of detail is given because this is the first of the month.

gujia - 穀價 - grain prices

gujun - 孤軍 - isolated force

guli - 鼓勵 - encouragement (to officials). The text up to this point is ritualistic. The substance of the memorial (the actual case at hand) now begins.

gumu - 姑母 - aunt (father's sister)

gu mu - 雇募 - hired

guntu - 棍徒 - ruffians, local toughs

guo'en - 國恩 - the beneficence of the polity

guochao - 國朝 - the reigning dynasty (respectfully elevated)

guojia - 國家 - the reigning dynasty (not "nation" as in modern usage)

guoji - 國計 - the dynasty's fiscal situation, the national economy

guoji - 過繼 - adopt within the lineage

guotang - 國帑 - government treasury

guoxie - 裹脅 - force to join up; coerce into joining

Guo Xiong fei - 郭熊飛 - the provincial judge mentioned in Yu-tai's memorial

gurong - 姑容 - show indulgence

guxi - 姑息 - temporize, handle indulgently, hesitate, show leniency

gu - 故 - died, deceased

gu - 故 - formerly

haike - 亥刻 - the interval between 9-11 p.m

Haizhou - 海州 - refers to Shi Liangcai

hanbing - 喊稟 - voice a complaint

han hen nan xie - 含恨難洩 - full of hatred, but no outlet

Hanjian - 漢奸 - Chinese troublemakers

hao li bao fen - 毫釐包分 - to round up hao and li to fen

haolisihu - 毫釐絲忽 - four measure words less than "fen"

haomi...piaofei - 耗米...票費 - fees for "wastage", freight, and paperwork

haoxian - 耗羨 - "meltage" surcharge

haoyin yangmi - 耗銀樣米 - meltage fee and "sample" rice (two much-abused surtaxes)

haoyin - 耗銀 - silver "meltage" fees. (For this and other social-economic terms, see Reference Notes 6.1)

hao - 毫 - (a negative intensifier)

hao - 豪 - powerful (implies illegitimate power)

heba - 劾罷 - to impeach to cashier/to impeach and (the emperor) cashiered/to impeach and resulted in the cashiering of

hebing shengming - 合併聲名 - it is incumbent on me to also state clearly (the above facts). 名 is a scribe's error for 明.

hebing - 合並 - together, jointly

he bing - 合併 - (this), together with (the previous matters)

hebi - 嚇逼 - intimidate and coerce

Hefei xian - 合肥縣 - here, refers to the authorities of that county

Heiqiao - 黑橋 - place name

heling - 喝令 - order

heni - 核擬 - investigate [the case] and recommend [a sentence]

he shi bao xiao - 覈實報銷 - examine the actual [expenditures] and render an accounting

hewen - 喝問 - shout, yell

hexi liao'an - 和息了案 - make peace and end the case

hexing - 合行 - it is appropriate that...

heying shoubei - 河營守備 - second captain in the special military detachment assigned to the Yellow River Conservancy.

heyi - 何以 - how come... [Qianlong is ever watchful for omissions from bureaucrats' reports]

he yi - 何以 - how come…

hezhi - 何至 - "how could it result in"; how could it reach the point of …

hezhi - 核之 - investigating (the matter) in...., confront with

he - 核 - investigate, examine

hongbi - 轟斃 - killed by gunfire

hongcao - 鬨漕 - (civilians) riot (over) tribute grain taxes

hong men - 黌門 - school

Hongshang - 洪上 - place name

houhuan - 後患 - later disaster

houlei - 後肋 - the ribs in the back

houshen - 候審 - to await trial

hou - 厚 - great

hu'erguan - 虎而冠 - "wear caps (of office) but behave like tigers"

huahu - 花戶 - taxpaying households

huaihen - 懷恨 - harbor hatred

huaiyin - 懷印 - carrying the official seal

hualing - 花翎 - peacock feather

huanbing - 患病 - to fall ill

huangshang ruijian xunshi - 皇上睿鑒訓示 - "Your Majesty's sagacious consideration and instructions"

huanhao shiban - 換號式頒 - a public proclamation of an imperial edict

huanyue - 換約 - exchange treaties (i.e., the Treaties of Tianjin texts of which had by now been exchanged)

huanzhe - 宦轍 - the path of officialdom

huan - 圜 - encircled

hucheng - 忽稱 - suddenly say (the subject of cheng here is the English).

huhou - 戶侯 - hereditary officeholder, abbreviated from wan-hu-hou 萬戶侯, qian-hu-hou 千戶侯, bai-hu-hou 百戶侯, etc...

huidao - 諱盜 - conceal (the fact of) robbery

huihe - 賄和 - settle (disputes) using money

huihu - 迴護 - to screen and protect [subordinates]

hui jiao - 會剿 - exterminate in concert [with other commanders on the scene]

huiming - 會名 - a secret-society name

huiren - 回任 - return to his post

huishi - 會試 - metropolitan examination

huiti - 會題 - submit a (ti-ben) jointly

huitong - 會同 - act in concert; jointly

huixian - 會銜 - two officials acting jointly

huiying - 會營 - mobilized forces (ying may refer to a local post of Green Standard constabulary troops)

hui - 槥 - a kind of coffin

hui - 毀 - destroy

huo...suo zhi - 或...所致 - "whether it was caused by …"

huogong - 火攻 - to launch a live-fire attack/attack by setting fire to enemy camp

huojiao - 獲交 - have the honor to be acquainted with

huo zhi - 或致 - so that it might result in

huo - 或 - may

hushu - 戶書 - revenue clerks

hutong - 胡通 - how can it be satisfactorily solved?

jiabei - 加倍 - double

jiading - 家丁 - personal servants (of the magistrate)

jiajin - 加緊 - urgently, on the double

jiamai - 嫁賣 - sell as a bride [to someone else]

jianbi - 監斃 - die in prison

jian buchengren - 堅不承認 - firmly denies

jiancai - 剪裁 - to trim (when composing a text)

jian dai - 揀帶 - select and bring along

jianglai - 將來 - posterity

jiang Li Ming… - 將李明 - (This begins the governor-general's recommendation of punishment.)

jiang sanji - 降三級 - demoted three degrees (in rank); subsequently reduced another four degrees. The chu-fen system of administrative discipline is described in Metzger 1973.

Jiangsu anchashi - 江蘇按察使 - the Jiangsu provincial judge

jianguan fuzhuan - 兼管撫篆 - concurrently hold the governor's seal

Jiang-Zhe - 江浙 - Jiangsu and Zhejiang

jiangzhi - 降旨 - decree handed down

jiang - 將 - (goes with zhuo, eleven characters below; here begins the imperial command)

jiang - 將 - (same as colloquial ba 把 construction)

jianmin - 姦民 - evildoers

jianque - 簡缺 - ordinary post (one of three grades of importance)

jiansong - 健訟 - was litigious (implies filing lawsuits without just cause)

jiansong - 檻送 - send in a prisoner-cage

jianxuan yideng - 揀選一等 - was selected as first rank in a special examination for juren

jianxuan - 揀選 - select for appointment

jianyu - 監獄 - jail

jian - 薦 - recommend for appointment or promotion

jian 見 = 現 xian

jiaobao - 交保 - release on bail

jiao bu yi xu - 交部議敘 - Refer his case to the Board [of Civil Office] to be recommended for a raise in administrative rank.

jiaofan - 絞犯 - criminal sentenced to death by strangulation

jiaofu - 轎夫 - sedan-chair bearer

jiaohou - 絞候 - deferred strangulation

jiaohua - 狡猾 - mendacious

jiao jiu huan xin - 繳舊換新 - turn in something old in exchange for a new one

jiaoli - 角立 - stand opposed to

jiaolun - 教論 - go over, correcting (the language)

jiaoshou qingchu - 交收清楚 - turn over (the funds) and make sure (they are correct)

jiaoxiang weinan - 交相為難 - plague one another

jiaoxiang - 膠庠 - school in Zhou dynasty; schools in general; here, refers to the county school system and the sheng-yuan under it

jiaoxia - 狡黠 - deceitful

jiao - 交 - transfer to the command of …

jiao - 蛟 - A kind of dragon associated with water. Refers to a flood?

jiaqi - 加砌 - to pile up

jiashu - 家屬 - dependents

jia - 夾 - torture by pressing (usually the ankles)

jibian - 激變 - incite a revolt

jibi - 擊斃 - attack and slaughter

jibi - 積弊 - accumulated malpractices; longstanding abuses

Ji Can - 嵇璨 - personal name

ji cheng - 激成 - provoke

jichong - 激舂 - set off an incident

jidu - 積蠧 - longstanding malpractice (蠹=蠹)

jiechi - 戒飭 - admonish

jie ci - 藉詞 - relying on excuses

jiehui - 截回 - intercept and send back

jie ku yu - 刦庫獄 - broke open the treasury and the jail

jie rang - 接壤 - border on

jie san - 解散 - disperse (usual effort to separate leaders from followers)

jiesheng - 節省 - saved

jieying - 接應 - meet and reinforce

jiezhang - 接仗 - engage (the enemy)

jiezong - 藉縱 - to allow (disorder)

jie - 刼 - coerce; seize, rob, plunder

jie - 屆 - to reach (a designated date); instance (of a recurrent or cyclical event)

jie - 藉 - when, on the occasion of...

jie - 解 - remit, forward (funds)

jie - 觧 - variant for 解

jifa tianliang - 激發天良 - rouse your natural goodness

jiguan - 積慣 - habitual

jiling - 畸零 - As for the rest; note that the right part of 畸 was written as 竒 in the original text

jimao ke - 己卯科 - the examination quota for the year jimao

ji min - 飢民 - famine victims

jin'ge - 禁革 - prohibit and eliminate

ji na - 緝拏 - arrest

jincheng yulan - 進呈御覽 - submit for imperial inspection

jinfa - 盡法 - to the limit of the law

jin fa - 盡法 - to the limits of the law

jing bing - 精兵 - crack troops

jingbu shizhu rendeng - 經捕事主人等 - the detained plaintiff

jingcheng - 經承 - Assignee (servant personnel in government agency)

jingjin - 淨盡 - entirely, completely

jingji - 荆棘 - thistles and thorns, (issues or situations that are) troublesome, difficult to deal with

jing ming qiang gan - 精明強幹 - sagacious and efficient; intelligent and capable

jingnei - 境內 - within the borders

jingrao - 驚擾 - fearful and perturbed

jingshi - 京師 - the capital, Beijing

jingshou - 經手 - in his management of...

Jin Guizi - 金貴子 - personal name

jingzhi - 經制 - controlled system

jing - 儆 - warn, as a warning

jing - 經 - have undergone

Jin Huixian - 金恢先 - personal name

jinjiao - 進剿 - advance to annihilate

jinjue genzhu - 盡絕根株 - completely root out

Jin Taihe - 金太和 - personal name

jinti qingzhi - 謹題請旨 - respectfully submit a routine memorial and ask for an imperial decree

jinti - 謹題 - respectfully submit a (routine) memorial

jin wei jun tandao zai - 僅為君歎悼哉 - "Is it only over Shi that we grieve?"

jinyao - 緊要 - important

Jin Yunmen - 金雲門 - personal name

jinzou - 謹奏 - (end of quoted memorial, d. jin-ti)

jinzu - 禁卒 - jail warden, turnkey

jin - 禁 - prohibitions

jiqie - 積竊 - habitual thief (Note: the 竊 is written in the document with 耒 in the lower left corner)

jiqiong - 劑窮 - cure the problem

jiqi yongkui - 及其癰潰 - till the boil bursts

jishou - 棘手 - troublesome, prickly

jisong - 齎送 - bring (to an equal or superior)

jiuchang - 久長 - long term, permanent

jiufu - 就縛 - to accept arrest

jiu kun yu ling - 乆困圄囹 - long imprisoned

jiu ming - 究明 - investigate

jiutong - 糾同 - gather, get together with

jiuyou - 究有 - discovered that there were

jiuzhi - 究治 - investigate and punish

jiuzhong - 糾眾 - gather a mob

jiuzhou - 九州 - another name for China

ji xu - 亟須 - urgently requires...

ji - 即 - right away; forthwith

ji - 寄 - a letter (in this case: a ting-ji, a court letter). The text of this court letter follows as Document 2.

ji - 戢 - abated

ji - 既 - since, because

ji - 暨 - and

ji - 激 - incite

ji - 畸 - irregular

ji - 繼 - follow (referring to the succession of hexagrams)

ji - 饑 - famine

ju...bing bao - 據...稟報 - received reports from (always scan down the line to find the document referred to by ju)

ju...difang - 距...地方 - be at a certain distance from a place

ju...jiebao - 據…揭報 - according to reports (from the above officials)

juanshu - 眷屬 - relatives and dependents

jubi - 懼逼 - afraid of coercion (by the rebels)

jubu - 拒捕 - resist arrest

ju bu - 拒捕 - resist arrest

jucheng kangju - 據城抗拒 - hold the city and resist

ju cheng … deng yu - 據稱。。。等語 - according to what [Yu-tai's memorial] says: (Note how the materials that follows is quoted from the folded up section of the memorial; see p. 3 of Chinese text, Document 1. Deng-yu closes the quote.)

jucheng - 具呈 - draw up a legal plaint

juebu kuandai - 決不寬貸 - absolutely no commutation

jueduan - 掘斷 - dig (ditches) so as to cut off

jue-kou - 決口 - breach [in the dike]

jueliang - 絕糧 - food shortage

jueshan - 掘山 - Jue Shan, a mountain in Fujian

jufei - 聚匪 - assemble bandits or rebels

jukong - 具控 - draw up a legal plaint

junling - 峻嶺 - lofty range of mountains

junyu - 軍餘 - supernumerary; the non-serving members registered to a military household

jun - 君 - the gentleman (a polite reference to Shi Chang-zhi)

jun - 竣 - completed

jupiao - 拘票 - arrest warrant

jushang liangbai - 俱傷兩敗 - everybody is injured

jusha - 拒殺 - seize and kill

jushi - 據實 - in accordance with the facts

juti - 具題 - submit a routine memorial

juyou - 詎有 - and yet, here we have...

juzhong - 聚眾 - assemble a crowd

juzou - 具奏 - memorialize

ju zou - 據奏 - We have received your memorial

ju - 居 - be (in a certain condition)

ju - 抅 - to collect

ju - 據 - according to

ju - 距 - separated (here, temporally)

kaicang pingtiao - 開倉平糶 - opened the granaries and sold grain (at standard/non-inflated price)

kaicang - 開倉 - to open a granary to provide relief

kaidao - 開導 - instruct

kaiju - 開具 - to take a statement

kainian cang'gu - 開碾倉谷 - prepare grain (lit. open the granary and husk grain) (谷＝穀）

kaiqie - 剴切 - clearly

kaizheng - 開徵 - begin the collection of taxes

kangwei - 抗違 - disobey

kang - 摃 - variant of 扛

kanya - 看押 - take into custody

kanyi fazhi - 堪以髮指 - enough to make one's hair stand on end

kaoji - 考績 - evaluation of achievements

kelian - 科歛 - to levy according to certain provision

ke qi - 剋期 - at an early date

ke ri - 剋日 - an early date; soon (here 剋＝刻 ）

keyu - 客寓 - inn

ke - 科 - an examination session (triennial)

kong'an - 控案 - file a lawsuit

konggao - 控告 - file a formal complaint

kongxian - 控縣 - filed a lawsuit at the county yamen

kong - 恐 - fears that …

kong - 恐 - probably

kou liang - 口糧 - rations

kouqi - 扣期 - the time required before he can resume the appointment

koushu - 口述 - oral statement

kouxiangyin - 扣饷银 - to reduce soldiers' allowance

kuangbei - 狂悖 - wild and seditious (acts); outrageous behavior

kuikong - 虧空 - a shortage; deficit (in the treasury)

kuilei - 傀儡 - distress, bitterness

kui - 憒 - muddle-headed

ku jizhi - 哭祭之 - mourning, sacrificed to him

kunbang - 綑綁 - tie up

kunfu - 綑縛 - tie up

kun guan - 捆官 - seize (and tie up) an official

kuzhong - 苦衷 - bitter duty

kuzhushan - 苦竹山 - Kudzu Mountain, a mountain in Fujian

lai Pu - 來蒲 - come to Puqi

leijie - 類皆 - most of it is; as a rule; without exception

Leiyang - 耒陽 - place name

leli - 樂利 - are pleased and benefit

lepai - 勒派 - forcibly assign or levy

lesuo - 勒索 - extort

lianfeng - 廉俸 - supplements to the base salaries paid to Qing officials designed to prevent corruption

Liangcai - 亮采 - personal name. This man is also surnamed Shi.

lianghu - 糧戶 - commoner households that paid the land tax

liangmin - 良民 - law-abiding people, "honest folk"

liangren - 良人 - husband

liangyi - 兩儀 - heaven and earth, yin and yang

liangzao - 兩造 - both litigants

lianming - 廉明 - upright

lianren - 斂忍 - to restrain and endure

lianshou - 斂收 - collect

liansui - 連歲 - for some years

lianxian - 連陷 - successively conquered

lianyue buxiao - 連月不消 - did not melt for months

lian - 斂 - dress a corpse for burial and then place within coffin (斂＝殮）

lian - 歛 - character variant for 敛

liao kuo - 遼闊 - extensive

liesheng - 劣生 - evil licentiates (sheng-yuan)

lihe - 理合 - as is appropriate; it is appropriate that...

liming - 黎明 - dawn

limin - 吏民 - clerks and (other) commoners

limin - 黎民 - common people

lin feng - 鄰封 - adjoining jurisdictions

linfeng - 鄰封 - neighboring jurisdictions (here, the officials thereof)

lingchi - 凌遲 - to execute by slow slicing

lingqi - 令旗 - banners of command

lingtai - 靈臺 - the place where one's soul resides

lingyi yidao - 另易一道 - substitute another edict

ling you zhi - 另有旨 - "There is a separate decree."

ling you zhi - 另有旨 - (see Document 1)

ling - 令 - cause to …

linpai - 遴派 - depute

lin sheng - 鄰省 - neighboring provinces

liren - 莅任 - assume office, succeed to a post

liuche - 留撤 - retain or withdraw

lixia - 立夏 - the beginning of summer

Li Xingting - 黎形蜓 - personal name

liying - 例應 - ought, according to regulations

lizhi - 吏治 - civil administration

li - 例 - substatute (of the Qing Code)

li - 犁 - plow, to plow

longduan - 壟斷 - monopolize

Longtangyan - 龍塘堰 - place names

lougui - 陋規 - customary fees (lit. objectionable practices)

louwang - 漏網 - slip through the net

lou wang - 漏網 - slip through the net

luejia runshi - 略加潤飾 - dress it up a bit

lueshi wenzi - 略識文字 - somewhat literate

lujiao - 驢腳 - literal translation: donkey's feet

lüjing - 屢經 - repeatedly

lulie - 臚列 - to list

lüli - 履歷 - curriculum vitae; record of career

lungong xingshang - 論功行賞 - determine merit and distribute rewards

lunliu - 輪流 - take turns

luodan - 落膽 - scared stiff

luoyi - 絡繹 - come and go unceasingly

lüxiu - 屢修 - recently applied

lüxi - 縷晰 - state clearly

lüyan - 閭閻 - villages; local society

lü-zai - 律載 - the statute specifies that...

lü - 屢 - repeatedly

lu - 廬 - house

lu - 路 - an administrative division in Song times

maijian - 賣姦 - prostitution

maishu - 麥熟 - the wheat (or barley) ripened (i.e., earlier than usual)

mai xiu mai xiu - 買休賣休 - annulment of a marriage through monetary transaction

maoding - 毛丁 - adult male

maohan - 冒寒 - catch cold

maoren - 冒認 - falsely claim under someone else's name

mazeisi - 罵賊死 - died, cursing the rebels (a stock phrase in accounts of this sort)

mei - 凂 - ancient variant for 浼, to request, ask the favor of

mei - 浼 - requested (as: a middleman, a mediator)

meng - 蒙 - hexagram meaning "education"

meng - 蒙 - receive (from a superior)

mianbing - 面稟 - report in person

miancheng - 面稱 - stated orally (i.e., face to face with the memorialists. The oral report of Chong-lun et al. is closed off by the phrase ge-deng-yu six lines later.)

miao - 苗 - shoots (of young plants)

miezu - 滅族 - extermination of an entire family

mifeng - 彌縫 - to cover up mistakes

mimi - 敉謐 - pacified

ming'ai - 鳴哀 - their cry was mournful

ming chui zhu bo - 名垂竹帛 - to leave a name in bamboo slips and silk (for writing historical records)

mingdao - 命盗 - homicide and robbery

mingjiao - 名教 - body of teachings on morality and ethics

Mingjun - 明竣 - personal name

mingmin - 明敏 - intelligent and clever

mingxia - 命下 - the issuance of the imperial order

mingxi - 明晰 - clear, clarified

mingyue - 銘曰 - the epitaph reads

mingzi - 螟子 - adopted child

ming - 螟 - caterpillars

ming - 銘 - to record; inscribe, engrave

minkun - 民困 - the hardships of the people

minku - 民苦 - the common people suffer from ...

minren - 民人 - commoners

minshu - 民輸 - taxes paid by ordinary people

min - 民 - member of a registered civilian household

mixing - 密行 - meticulously undertake

miyue - 彌月 - a whole month

mi zi - 密咨 - secretly communicate [with officials in those areas]

moruhe - 末如何 - cannot do anything about it

moufan...dengyu - 謀反...等語 - "All persons convicted of high treason, whether as principals or as accessories, are liable to execution by slicing."

mouyong jianshi - 謀勇兼施 - employing both strategy and courage

mouyuan - 某原 - a certain cemetery

mudu - 目覩 - to see with one's own eyes, 覩 is a variant of 睹

muyou - 幕友 - private secretary

Muzhanga deng - 穆彰阿等 - personal name

muzhiming - 墓誌銘 - a standard form of funerary essay, consisting of a biographical section (zhi 志) in prose and a final epitaph (ming 銘) in prose or verse

mu - 畆 - variant of 畝

na huo jian xi - 拏獲奸細 - capture the miscreants

nai - 乃 - therefore

najie - 拏解 - arrest and send (to higher authorities)

nang - 囊 - bag

nanqi zhengchi - 難期整飭 - hard to maintain proper supervision

nanyu yingyang - 難於迎養 - hard to look after them

neikai - 內開 - the contents said... (there follows a direct quote of the document just mentioned)

neiying - 內應 - a response from within (to support an attack from without)

nianji - 念及 - thinking that...

niǎo qiāng - 鳥槍 - musket, arquebus

nidang - 逆黨 - the gang of rebels

niecheng - 捏稱 - falsely charge

niezhu - 躡逐 - to follow in pursuit

nie - 孼 - evil, disaster (a variant of 孽)

nifan - 逆犯 - rebel

nijie - 擬結 - render judgment

ningsi - 凝思 - be lost in thought; ponder

nisi - 擬俟 - intend

ni tu - 拟徒 - sentenced (to)

ni - 擬 - intend

ni - 擬 - sentenced to; recommend a criminal sentence

ni - 擬 - to draft (an edict or court letter). Also means to propose a judgment in a court case.

nüe - 虐 - oppress

nü-juan - 女眷 - female family members

nǚ-qiáng - 女墙 - parapet

ou'chuo - 毆戳 - beat up

ou'shang - 毆傷 - beat and injured

Ouyang Dapeng - 歐陽大鵬 - (an error for Yang Dapeng)

paiti - 牌提 - order the transfer of a prisoner and/or evidence

pai wei - 派委 - depute

panchan - 盤繵 - travel expenses

panchuan - 盤川 - traveling expenses

Pandao buhe - 潘道不合 - Daotai Pan, which is not in accord [with regulations]

Pan Shangzhi - 潘尚智 - personal name

peng - 烹 - to cook

piao qian - 票錢 - fixed amount of money in excess of taxes owed by a family, which the 書差 pocketed

pibei - 疲憊 - tired out

pi chu shan zou - 僻處山陬 - is situated in a secluded mountain area

pifan'nan yaoque - 疲繁難要缺 - an important post that was wearisome, troublesome, and difficult

pigun - 痞棍 - local toughs

pingri - 平日 - ordinarily

pingwen - 平穩 - secure

ping xian - 憑險 - take advantage of natural strategic positions

pingyong - 平庸 - mediocre, average

pinmin - 貧民 - the poor

pinqu weiqi - 聘娶. . . 為妻 - to marry

pishen - 批審 - for an endorsement of the judgment

pishi - 批示 - comment by superior official (on a document submitted by an inferior)

pi - 批 - endorsement, comment; a written instruction in response to a subordinate's communication

poling shenzhuang - 迫令申狀 - (tried to) force him to submit a petition (to superior officials)

pouji chengzhi - 裒積成帙 - gathered together and turned into a booklet

puhu - 舖戶 - store, shop (鋪=舖)

pu mie - 撲滅 - extinguish, wipe out

puze - 撲責 - cane

qi...shi - 妻...氏 - his wife (whose surname the author evidently does not know)

qi'er - 起而 - got up to

qiancao fule - 錢漕浮勒 - "land and grain taxes were excessive and extortionate"

qiancao - 錢漕 - tax grain transported by water

qianche - 籤掣 - drawing of lots (among names on a list of candidates eligible for official appointment)

qiandun - 潜遁 - abscond; slip away

qiang jie - 搶刦 - pillage, rob

qianglue - 搶掠 - loot, sack

qiang - 戕 - kill

qian Haizhou zhizhou - 前海州知州 - former Department Magistrate of Haizhou

qian jing feng zhi - 前經奉旨 - [which], by a previous decree

qianji - 鈐記 - a seal

qianliang - 錢糧 - the land and "tribute" grain taxes; tax revenue; land tax

Qianlong… - 乾隆 - Date the original ti-ben was sent. The next date, fourteen days later, was that of the imperial edict in reply.

qianni yuzhi - 前擬諭旨 - the edict that was proposed in the previous memorial. It is phrased slightly differently in the next line.

qianpiao - 羨票 - remaining notes, money

qianqing - 前情 - the aforementioned circumstances/facts

qianwang - 前往 - go (to the scene)

qianwang - 前徃 - proceed to...

qianxian - 前縣 - the former magistrate

qianzong - 千總 - Company Commander, a low-level rank (6a) in the Green Standards (Hucker)

qian - 潛 - secretly

qian - 鈐 - seal; affix a seal to

qia - 卡 - a barrier or guard-post

qi cheng - 起程 - set forth

qi dangyu chuanbo - 其黨與傳播 - the spread of their organization

qide - 豈得 - how can...

qiecheng - 且稱 - also stated (still an indirect quote of Chong-lun's report)

qienuo - 怯懦 - vacillate, show cowardice

qieqie - 切切 - for your urgent attention

qieshi pingju - 切實憑據 - firm proof

qiezhao - 竊照 - I humbly observe that...

qifen - 氣忿 - angry

qiguizangye - 其歸葬也 - "when his remains had been brought home for burial"

qihao - 旗號 - mottoes on banners

qi huang shang sheng jian - 乞皇上聖鑒 - "awaiting Your Majesty's perusal" (Compare the similar phrase earlier on.)

qihuo keju - 奇貨可居 - rarities that can be hoarded for better prices

qinci - 欽此 - close quote of an imperial utterance

qingbi - 情弊 - circumstances of a crime, irregularities

qinggou - 清勾 - to conscript [someone] in order to fulfill a military service obligation

qingjian - 輕減 - lighten and reduce

qingjie - 情節 - the details of the matter

qing jie - 情節 - the facts of the case; details

qingjin - 青衿 - young scholar's dress; metonymy for scholars

qing lizhi - 清吏治 - purify the civil bureaucracy

qingli - 清釐 - clear up

qingshi - 情事 - circumstances of the case, the facts

qingtang - 請帑 - request (funds from government) treasuries. The unit is not given, but presumed to be taels of silver.

qīng tiān - 青天 - honorable and upright officials; or the quality of honor and uprightness

qingyi zhixin - 輕易之心 - regarding us lightly (Le., contemptuously)

qingyou - 情由 - facts, circumstances (of a case)

Qingyuan - 慶元 - personal name

qingzhi kaifu - 請旨開復 - request an imperial edict authorizing his reappointment

qingzhi - 請旨 - request a decree (In Document II.1, the main action called for by the memorial, to which the rescript is a response.)

qingzhuang - 情狀 - demeanor

qin huo - 捦獲 - seize (捦＝擒）

qinmin - 親民 - to care for the people (as a parent)

qinshen - 勤慎 - diligent and prudent

qinti shenwen - 親提審問 - personally try the case

qinti yanju - 親提嚴鞫 - personally interrogate (the criminals)

qinwang - 勤王 - loyal king

qinyi - 親詣 - personally go

qinyu - 侵漁 - to fleece (our metaphor involves a different animal)

qinzhu - 攐住 - detain, hold down

qinzi - 親自 - in person

qinzun - 欽遵 - in respectful obedience

qin - 禽 - arrest (禽＝擒)

qiongcu - 窮蹙 - hard-pressed, at the end of his rope

qiongjiu - 窮究 - exhaustively investigate, get to the bottom of

qiongku - 窮苦 - poor

qiong - 窮 - exhausted

qiqi - 其戚 - his relative by marriage

qi quyu min zhe - 其取于民者 - that which is taken from the people...

Qisule - 齊蘇勒 - personal name (in Manchu, Cisule)

qiukuan - 求寬 - beg for leniency

qiuliang - 囚糧 - food for prisoners

qixie - 器械 - instrument, weapon

qi xin gen you - 起釁根由 - the origins of the outbreak

qixin genyou - 起釁根由 - the roots of the conflict

qixin - 起釁 - give rise to hostilities

qi - 啟 - begin; to open

quanzu - 勸阻 - urged him to refrain

qubi - 趨避 - short for 趨利避害, to simultaneously chase advantage and avoid misfortune

queju - 確據 - positive proof

quhou...qianlai - 去後...前來 - (quotation signposts indicating a completed documentary exchange)

qujin xianxue wensheng - 取進縣學文生 - "accepted me as a licentiate in the county school"

quqin - 娶親 - hold a wedding

qusheng - 取勝 - to score a success

quzhi buqu - 驅之不去 - (tried to) chase them away, (but they) did not depart

raolei - 擾累 - burden, disturb, cause annoyance to

raoshe - 饒舌 - complain

ren'nei - 任內 - during the period when Zhe Jin-yuan was serving in that post (ren)

renfan - 人犯 - suspects

renqie - 認竊 - to acknowledge/report (really "concede" here) as "theft" (i.e., not the more serious robbery, dao 盜)

renzhen - 認真 - conscientiously

renzhi - 稔知 - know well, familiar with

ren - 任 - allow

ri - 日 - increasingly (day by day)

rongjie - 鎔解 - melting

rouchan - 肉顫 - shivering

ruanmu - 軟木 - soft wood, cork; this begins an extended metaphorical reference to wood as talent

rugan - 如敢 - if they dare

ruhuan wuduan - 如圜無端 - a vicious circle

ruhuo - 入伙 - join the band

ruobei suo nengwei - 若輩所能為 - “what the likes of them could do”

ruogan - 若干 - a certain number

ruorou qiangshi - 弱肉強食 - the strong prey upon the weak

ruo - 若 - like, for instance

ruxing - 茹刑 - bear torture

sān bān liù fáng - 三班六房 - general reference to all the clerks in county yamen

san cangsu - 散倉粟 - distributed grain from the granary

sandai gong - 三代公 - duke of the three ages

sandang qinqu - 散黨禽渠 - scatter the followers and seize the leaders

sanfasi - 三法司 - The Three High Courts, the highest appeals tribunal, to which all capital cases were referred

sanjun - 三軍 - three armies

saoshu - 掃數 - entirely

sao - 掃 - sweep up

sengren - 僧人 - Buddhist monk

shanbian - 擅便 - act on one's own, without proper authority

shanchu - 刪除 - do away with

shangchai - 傷差 - wound persons on official duties

shangjin - 上緊 - promptly, speedily

shang kong zhi xi - 上控之隙 - opportunity from appeal

shang kong - 上控 - take to trial

shangling - 商令 - conferred with...and had him...

shangsi - 上司 - superior officials

shangyou - 上游 - superior officials

shangyubu - 上諭簿 - Registry of Imperial Edicts.

shanhou shiyi an'nei - 善後事宜案內 - cleaning up the residual affairs of the case

shanhou - 善後 - dealing with the aftermath (of a disaster)

shanhuo - 煽惑 - incite and deceive/lure

shanjian - 刪減 - eliminate and reduce

shan lu qi wu - 山麓砌屋 - brick building at the foot of the (western) mountain

shanzhe - 善者 - good persons, i.e. innocent of wrongdoing

shanzhe - 繕摺 - compose a memorial

shanzou - 山陬 - a remote mountainous location

shan - 膳 - meals, provisions

shaohuan - 稍緩 - take a short break

shaohui - 燒燬 - destroy by fire

shao she - 稍涉 - slightly involve, cross into

Shaoxing - 紹興 - Song reign period

shefa - 設法 - devise means

She Jinyuan - 折錦元 - personal name

shenchi - 甚熾 - very intense

shenchu... - 審出 - investigation would reveal that...

sheng cheng - 省城 - provincial capital

shengjian - 生監 - shengyuan and jiansheng (holders of lower degrees; the latter is purchased.)

shengqin - 生捦 - capture alive

sheng se ju li - 聲色俱厲 - harsh in tone and severe in expression

sheng shu - 省署 - [Yu-tai's] office in the provincial capital

shengtu - 甥徒 - sister's son; nephew

shengu - 身故 - die [this second court letter quoted by Feng cites a memorial actually sent by Feng on 9.3, reporting Yu-ming's death.]

shengyuan - 生員 - licentiates, holders of the lowest examination degree. As "students", they were under the supervision of the county academy

shēng yuán - 生員 - student in feudal society; in Ming and Qing, specifically referring to those who have passed the lowest level of the civil service examination

shengyuan - 省垣 - provincial capital

shenjin shishu - 紳衿士庶 - upper gentry, lower gentry, scholars, and commoners

shenmin - 紳民 - gentry and commoners

shenni - 審擬 - trial and sentencing

shenshu kejia - 甚屬可嘉 - is extremely praiseworthy

shenshu - 審輸 - lose a legal case

shenwei - 甚慰 - greatly comforted

shenxi - 審悉 - reach a judicial finding

shi...er... - 使...而... - if (only)...but...(counterfactual)

shi'en - 施恩 - confer (imperial) favor

shibi - 勢必 - will certainly

shi buhuoyi - 事不獲已 - the matter could not be helped (=不得已)

shicao - 市曹 - execution ground

shigong shishen - 矢公矢慎 - with great care and impartiality

shigu - 勢孤 - cut off, isolated

shikan fazhi - 實堪髮指 - makes the hair stand on end (with anger)

shilang Huang Bing - 侍郎黃炳 - the vice-president [of the Board of Punishments]

shimo - 始末 - beginning and end; i.e., the whole story

Shipanshan - 石盤山 - place name

shi qi mo ji - 噬脐莫及 - idiom meaning despite regret it is to late to help matters

shiqin - 屍親 - relatives of deceased

shisan - 始散 - only then did (the crows) disperse

shishou - 實授 - to take up an official appointment in fact (i.e., show up in person locally to assume one's duties)

shishu - 十屬 - ten subordinate jurisdictions

shishu - 實屬 - really is ...

shixing - 施行 - to carry out

shiyi - 事宜 - matters, affairs

shiyi - 是以 - For this reason

shiyong - 試用 - probationary appointment

shi yu rong - 食與戎 - economic and military affairs

shizhang - 實帳 - true accounts

shizhu - 事主 - victim of a crime, plaintiff

shi - 勢 - the general situation

shi - 師 - hexagram meaning "war"

shi - 適 - (of a woman) to marry; at that time

shi - 釋 - release

shi - 餙 - character variant for 飾

shou chuang - 受創 - suffer an attack, be attacked

shoucong - 首從 - leader and followers

shoudian - 收墊 - to receive in advance

shoujuan - 收捐 - to collect taxes

shu'na - 輸納 - payment of taxes

shuaitai - 帥台 - marshal's platform

shuaitai - 帥臺 - marshal's platform

shuaixing - 率行 - precipitately

shuai - 率 - to lead

shuchai - 書差 - clerk in charge of documents; clerks (in the county yamen)

shūchà - 書差 - clerk in the local yamen

shufang - 疏防 - negligence

shugong - 輸供 - supply

shuijiao - 水脚 - charges for water transport

shui luo shi chu - 水落石出 - let the water drop so that the stones will show (i.e. let everything come to light)

shujiang - 輸將 - pay (taxes)

shuji - 述及 - relate

shukan fazhi - 殊堪髮指 - "makes one furious" (lit., "particularly causes one's hair to stand on end")

shuli - 署理 - administer in an acting capacity

shuli - 豎立 - set up, raise

shu nan ping xin - 殊難憑信 - extremely hard to believe

shuneng fengqiang - 術能封槍 - [his] magical charms can stop up the muzzles of guns

Shuntian [-fu] - 順天 - the metropolitan prefecture around Beijing

Shuntian xiangshi - 順天鄉試 - the provincial examination held in Shun-tian prefecture (i.e., Beijing)

shuoqing - 說情 - speak on her behalf

shuyi - 書役 - clerks and runners

shuzhang - 贖杖 - pay a fine to avoid punishment by caning

shu - 叔 - uncle (father's brother)

shu - 屬 - (1) subordinate officials; (2) belong to (administratively)

shu - 疏 - to memorialize the throne through the routine system, used alone or with ti 題 or zou 奏)

shu - 署 - acting (provisional or temporary appointment)

shu - 鼠 - rat

si bai li … - 四百里(1) - (the rate of transmission, followed by the date and place of dispatch)

si bai li … - 四百里(2) - (rate by which the memorial was returned to the sender, bearing the vermilion rescript)

si bai li … - 四百里 - (the rate of transmission, followed by the date and place of dispatch) (rate by which the memorial was returned to the sender, bearing the vermilion rescript)

sifa - 司法 - judicial administration

sihou - 嗣後 - henceforth

silunbu - 絲綸簿 - Register of Imperial Endorsements (see above.)

sisan - 四散 - fled in all directions

sishi - 死事 - died in the affair/for the sake of his country/in the line of duty

sixing - 肆行 - reckless, outrageous

sizhi - 死之 - died for their duties (in the course of the affair)

si… - 俟 - wait until.. .

si - 俟 - wait

si - 嗣 - afterward; heir

si - 嗣 - heir (this is a case of adoption by a family without male children)

si - 肆 - act outrageously

songbu chahe - 送部查核 - send to the Board for inspection

songgun - 訟棍 - pettifogger, someone who encourages others to file lawsuits and from this seeks profit

Songjiangfu zhifu - 松江府知府 - Prefect of Song-jiang Prefecture

Song Kaibao banian - 宋開寶八年 - In the eighth year of the Kaibao reign period of the Song dynasty

songshi - 訟事 - litigation

songyong - 慫恿 - egg on; incite

song - 訟 - hexagram meaning "fighting"

soubu - 搜捕 - arrest; seek out and seize

souchu - 搜出 - find (upon searching)

souhuo gewujian - 搜獲各物件 - items seized

su faji - 肅法紀 - respect the laws; purify the laws

suhaodi - 素好的 - old friend

suici - 歲次 - the cyclical order of years (refers to the cyclical characters following)

suishi - 隨時 - from time to time, on a continuing basis

sui - 遂 - then, subsequently

suodang - 所當 - well deserves

suogong qingci - 所供情詞 - the facts in the deposition he has made

suoshi - 唆使 - instigate

suoshu - 所屬 - those...under his jurisdiction

suosong - 唆讼 - instigate lawsuits

suo you … yuan you - 所有。。。緣由 - all the factors concerning …

suoyou - 所有 - all of (what the memorialist says about the following matters)

suozha - 索詐 - extort

suozou - 所奏 - (as for) what (XX) has memorialized....

suxing - 速行 - speedily carry out…

suyu youchou - 素與有讐 - person against whom one has long harbored a grudge

Suzhou buzhengshi - 蘇州布政使 - the (Jiangsu) provincial treasurer stationed at Suzhou (the other was at Nanjing)

su - 宿 - spent the night

su - 甦 - relieve (the usual form is 蘇)

tabian - 他變 - further incidents (i.e. renewed warfare)

tacuan - 他竄 - escape elsewhere

taishen - 太甚 - excessive

taiye - 太爷 - district magistrate

taiyin - 抬銀 - had the silver carried out

taizi taibao - 太子太保 - Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, normal rank 1b

tangse - 搪塞 - prevaricate, dodge the question

tang - 倘 - in the event that...

tang - 儻 - if …

tang - 帑 - imperial treasury

tan juan pai juan - 攤捐派捐 - apportion and impose taxes

tan ya - 彈壓 - control, keep in order

tanya - 彈壓 - suppress (the mob)

taoni - 逃匿 - fled and hid

tayi - 他意 - other intentions

tecan - 特參 - special impeachment proceedings

teshi - 特示 - special proclamation

teshu - 特疏 - prepare a special memorial

tian diao - 添調 - additionally transferred

tianjue - 天爵 - model of good and respectable deeds ("a post from heaven," a term used in Mencius)

tiaoting - 調停 - mediate

tiaozhi - 調治 - attend to

ticanshi - 題參事 - concerning an impeachment by routine memorial (This note, on the original draft, bound the piao-qian verbally to the memorial to which it was attached.)

tican - 題參 - impeach through a routine memorial

ticha - 體察 - investigate thoroughly

tichu - 剔除 - to reject, to discard

ti du - 提督 - provincial commander-in-chief. (See Reference Notes 3.2 for this post, part of the Green Standard garrison system)

tifan - 提犯 - bring a criminal before a court

tijie - 題解 - remit

tiji - 提集 - assemble (the parties to a case in court)

ting qi quliu - 聽其去留 - let him decide whether to get rid of her or keep her

tingyun - 停運 - transport has stopped

tí pái - 提牌 - minor clerks dependent on higher officials, often with a negative connotation

tisheng - 提省 - brought before the provincial court (for trial)

tishen - 提審 - judicial review

tishu - 題署 - proposed (in a ti-ben) to be an acting (official) of

titou - 剃頭 - shave the head in front, in the prescribed manner

tixu minjian - 體恤民艱 - having sympathy for the people's distressful plea to...

ti - 提 - to forward to a court for trial

ti - 題 - designate

ti - 題 - term signifying a report in the routine system

tongbing - 通稟 - submit a report; a full report

tongcai - 痛裁 - thoroughly reduce

tong cheng - 痛懲 - severely punish

Tongcheng - 通城 - place name

tongjian - 通姦 - fornicate; consensual sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other

tongpan - 通判 - an official sent to supervise the workings of local governments

tong tie - 銅鐵 - bronze and iron

tongxiangshi - 同鄉試 - same provincial examination

tongxiang - 通詳 - communicate the details

tongyangxi - 童養媳 - an adopted bride (a girl adopted in childhood to serve later as bride for one of the sons)

tongyin - 同寅 - fellow officials of the same office

tongyu - 通諭 - an edict for promulgation throughout the realm

tongzhi gesheng - 通知各省 - circulate a communique to all provinces

tongzhi - 通志 - the provincial gazetteer

tong - 恫 - grief

tong - 統 - commanded, led

toumu - 頭目 - leader; headmen

toushou - 投首 - give oneself up to the authorities

touxu - 頭緒 - clues

tuci - 途次 - a stop (on the journey)

tuiju - 推鞠 - to interrogate

tuishou - 推收 - procedure for making transfer of property and associated tax obligations official

tujiao - 土窖 - an earthen cellar or storage-pit

tuli - 圖利 - to (illicitly) seek profit

tulu - 吐露 - disclose

tuochou - 妥籌 - devise appropriately

tuoming niezao - 托名捏造 - a made-up name

tuoxie - 妥協 - appropriately

Tuo-yong - 託庸 - personal name

tuoyuan - 妥員 - a suitable officer

tuo yuan - 妥員 - trusted officials, appropriate officials

tuo - 托 - request

tuo - 託 - entrust to

tupei - 徒配 - banishment (to another district)

tu si wu yi - 徒死無益 - there is no sense in a useless death

tutuo - 兔脫 - escape (like a rabbit)

tu - 徒 - fellows, ruffians, louts (note the difference between the drafters' more neutral ren 人 and the emperor's contemptuous emendation.)

waijidang - 外紀檔 - Register of Outer Court Copies (a Grand Secretariat record book of memorials copied by the Han Registry; Dang'an gaishu 1985, 43

wajie - 瓦解 - scattered (like tiles in a wind)

wamei - 挖煤 - to mine coal (an activity forbidden without government license)

wan'an - 完案 - close the case

wan'na - 完納 - pay (pay off the shortfall; pay taxes in full)

wangluo - 網羅 - enlist, recruit

wangna - 往拏 - go there to arrest [them)

Wangshi - 王氏 - née Wang (the standard way to refer to a married woman, i.e., by her maiden name.)

wangshu - 往署 - go (there) and assume acting duties

wanhu - 玩忽 - neglectful

wankai - 玩愒 - to neglect one's duty

wanni kefeng - 丸泥可封 - lit., "with a small lump of clay you can seal off the strategic pass" -- an idiom which expresses strategically located and difficult to access terrain

Wazishan, Zengbozhou - 瓦子山曾波州 - place names

wei baoming shi - 為報明事 - report clearly (This was a standard summary-headline for a report on a provincial judgment, one of a number of set phrases for different kinds of routine memorials.)

weibi - 圍逼 - surrounding (and threatening)

weicheng... - 偽稱 - falsely entitle oneself...

weici shi - 為此示 - for these reasons, we are proclaiming...

weihuo - 未獲 - was not caught

weike jianshan qichang - 未克兼擅其長 - cannot claim to excel in both

weinei - 闈內 - wei, gates of the examination hall (i.e., the memorialist was at that time occupied in administering the provincial examinations)

weiqing - 未清 - remain unsolved

weiqu qiuquan - 委曲求全 - do the best possible under the circumstances

wei ren zuo jia - 為人作嫁 - to work selflessly for others, with no benefit for oneself

weishanjiurengongzaiyikui - 為山九仞功在一簣 - a job is not completed until the final step, literally "in building a mountain 9 ren high (about 24 meters), the achievement is in the last basket [of dirt]"

weishi - 偽示 - falsely displayed

weishi - 維時 - just at that time

weiwu - 闈務 - matters concerning the civil-service examination

wei xie - 威脅 - coerce

weiyuan - 委員 - appoint deputies

weiyun - 未允 - did not accede (to their request)

weiyu - 偽諭 - a bogus edict

weizhun bufu - 未准部覆 - no reply from the Board has yet been received

weizui - 畏罪 - to fear punishment

wei…shi - 為…事 - "regarding the matter of . . ." (encloses the subject of the memorial)

wei - 偽 - illegitimate

wei - 微 - little

wei - 惟 - but...

wei - 維 - even

wei - 諉 - put blame on...

wei - 謂 - says

wen feng jing yi - 聞風驚疑 - hearing the news ("on the wind"), become alarmed and uncertain

wenni - 問擬 - to question and sentence (a criminal); short for shenwen niding 審問擬定

wensheng - 文生 - see also 武生 - they were both 生员 in the two branches

wenwu shengyuan - 文武生員 - civil and military licentiates (i.e., the lower-gentry leaders)

wenwu - 文武 - civil and military (civil always precedes)

wenzui - 問罪 - investigate or accuse (as a criminal)

wen - 文 - measure word for copper coins

wobei - 臥碑 - stela listing prohibitory regulations, specifically for the official schools part of the exam system

wubu pizhun - 無不批准 - (The "eight ideographs" quoted here are evidently quoted from the British draft)

Wuchang fu - 武昌府 - the Wu-change prefect

Wu Changhua - 伍長華 - personal name

wu dang - 務當 - must

wude - 毋得 - must not

wu he zhi zhong - 烏合之眾 - rabble; mob; a disorderly band

wuhe - 烏合 - like a flock of crows (i.e. disorganized)

Wuhuashan - 烏㕦山 - place name

wujiang - 務將 - you must

wuji - 無幾 - not many

wuke guizhi - 無可歸罪 - could not put blame (I.10 - on Shi Changzhi)

wukehuan - 無可逭 - inescapable

wuke zhibian - 無可置辨 - render speechless

wuke - 午刻 - the noon hours (11 am--1 pm)

wu lai - 無賴 - (lit. nothing to depend on) good-for-nothing, shiftless

wu ling zi man - 毋令滋蔓 - do not permit [the rebellion] to spread (the perennial imperial worry in such cases)

wu liu yu nie - 勿留餘孼 - do not allow any evil vestige to remain

wunai - 無奈 - could not but...

wuqiong - 無窮 - endless, open-ended

wushao xunyan - 勿稍侚延 - do not procrastinate in the least (a common injunction)

wu shi ji - 誤事機 - botch the opportunity

wusun - 無損 - harmless

wutong - 浯銅 - wuyu 浯嶼 and tongshan 銅山, the two bases previously mentioned

Wu Wen rong - 吳文鎔 - (personal names) Determine their official postings in the Qian tables.

wuxu - 務須 - (you) must

wuzuo - 仵作 - coroner

wu - 伍 - the ranks, the military

wu - 吳 - a short-lived kingdom of the tenth century

wu - 毋 - negative imperative

wu - 誤 - erroneous

xian cheng - 縣城 - the county seat

xiancheng - 陷城 - capture the county seat

xiangbang - 相幫 - aid

xiangbao - 詳報 - report to the official just above

xiangchi - 相持 - held each other at bay/to confront

xiangjie - 詳揭 - reveal in detail

xiang ji - 相機 - in accordance with the circumstances

xiang ji - 相機 - when the opportunity is ripe

xiangming - 詳明 - to report in detail; detailed and clear

xiangtou - 相投 - turn oneself over to; join up with

xiangying - 相應 - hereby (as is appropriate)

xiang yong - 鄉勇 - local mercenary troops, "braves"

xiang - 餉 - funds (probably for military use, jun-xiang)

xian hou - 先後 - one after another

xianhuo gefan - 現獲各犯 - criminals presently in custody

xian huo - 現獲 - presently in custody

xianshi - 先是 - earlier...

xianshu - 縣署 - county offices

xian Wang yu [ ] Pilian - 先王與☐皮臉 - "First, with Wang Pi-lian, Wang ..." (yu is inserted between Wang and another illegible character. These were not formal, public documents, but a file record that could be less than letter-perfect)

xian wang - 先徃 - proceed (to the scene)

xianyuan - 賢員 - worthy official

xian yu Wang [__] Pilian - 先與王☐皮臉 - first, with Wang [ ] Pi-lian . . .

xianyu - 羨餘 - additional taxes levied by local officials to present to higher authority

xianzhi - 現值 - now is the time of...

xian - 憲 - promulgate

xian - 縣 - county, county magistrate

xian - 銜 - honorary title

xian - 限 - a time-limit (in this case, for time that must elapse before an official can be reappointed)

xian - 陷 - capture

xian - 顯 - obviously

xiaofu - 枵腹 - empty stomach

xiaohui - 銷毀 - smelt down

xiaojie - 小節 - small details

xiaoli - 效力 - earn redemption through service

xiaoman - 小滿 - "Filling Grain," 8th of 24 solar terms, beginning around 20 May

xiaomi - 消弭 - to terminate (a case); to prevent

xiao xiao bu xiu - 嘵嘵不休 - continuously quarrel, argue endlessly

xiaoyu - 曉諭 - clearly order (note that yu 諭 can be a command at any level; compare shang-yu 上諭)

Xia Tingyue - 夏廷樾 - personal name

xibu - 檄捕 - warrants for arrest

xiejiao - 邪教 - heterodox teaching

xiejia - 歇家 - agent (specializing in business managing, employment service, credit guarantee, litigation, etc.)

xie li - 協力 - joining forces, in collaboration

xieyou suxian - 挾有夙嫌 - harbor an old grudge

Xie Zhenfan - 謝鎮藩 - (personal name)

Xie Zhengguo - 謝正國 - personal name

xiezhi - 挾制 - to compel; intimidate, coerce, pressure

xie - 廨 - government office

xie - 脅 - coerce, force

xie - 脅 - to compel

xin duan - 釁端 - cause for hostility; occasion for conflict

xingbi - 刑逼 - force by means of torture

xingji - 形跡 - his [suspicious] actions

xingsan - 星散 - to scatter far and wide

xingshi - 星使 - honorific title for an envoy

xing - 幸 - fortunately

Xining - 熙甯 - Song reign period

xin wei zhi zhi - 欣慰之至 - extreme satisfaction

xinwei - 辛未 - the cyclical designation of the year. Note that, although this falls within QL16, this year cannot automatically be translated 1751, as the lunar year spills over into solar 1752.

xinxuan - 心懸 - to be on edge, to be anxious

xin yue cheng fu - 心悅誠服 - be completely convinced; feel a heartfelt admiration

xiong'ou - 兇毆 - fierce fight

xiongdi - 兄弟 - younger brother

xiongjiao - 兇狡 - tough and crafty

xi shu - 悉數 - all

xisong - 息訟 - give up the litigation

xitu - 希圖 - hoping to...

xiubu - 修餔 - likely a mistake for 修補, to repair

xiufang - 脩防 - repair

xi wei - 檄委 - depute

xixiang - 肹蠁 - spiritual inspiration; lit., "noisy-insects and larvae"

xixing - 悉行 - all

xi - 係 - is

xi - 媳 - daughter-in-law

xi - 析 - divide, separate

xuanbu - 宣布 - promulgate

xuanshang zhaomi shimin - 懸賞招覓士民 - post rewards to attract the scholars and commoners

xuanzhi - 旋值 - just at that time ...

xuan - 旋 - before long

xueban - 壆板 - stiff (floor-)boards (or jue-ban, cracks in the floorboards)

xueyuan - 學院 - courtesy title for Provincial Director of Education (see Reference Notes 3.2 for this post)

xufa - 蓄髮 - allow the hair to grow

xumou weifei - 蓄謀為匪 - hatching plots for rebellion

xu mou - 蓄謀 - conspire, hatch plots (This is the emperor's inference from Yu-tai's suspicions)

xumou - 蓄謀 - hatch plots

xunchang - 尋常 - ordinary

xunfang - 巡防 - patrolling and protecting

xunfen gongzhi - 循分供職 - fulfill duties

xun jiu - 訊究 - question and investigate (usually by torture)

xunli - 循例 - in "accord with the [appropriate] substatute [in the Collected Statutes, Da-Qing huidian shili]

xunshu - 洵屬 - truly is

xunsu - 迅速 - promptly

xun su - 迅速 - speedily

xunxi - 訊晰 - clarify by investigation

xunzhi - 殉之 - died (in a noble or sacrificial manner, as a martyr)

xunzou - 尋奏 - a subsequent memorial

xun - 訊 - to find out by investigation

xun - 詢 - investigate

xun - 迅 - quickly

xuqing - 虛情 - under false pretenses

xusuo - 需索 - extort

xuxin - 虛心 - objective, disinterested

xuxuan - 虛懸 - existing only in name

xuyi - 胥役 - county clerks and yamen runners

xuzhi...kuzhong - 須知...苦衷 - should understand how hard this is (for us)

xu - 吁 - bewail, bemoan

xu - 許 - (extract a) promise

xu - 需 - hexagram meaning "food supply"

yajie - 押解 - escort under arrest; arrest, apprehend

yan'na - 嚴拿 - rigorously apprehend

yancan - 嚴參 - impeach strictly

yang...zhixi - 仰...知悉 - in the expectation that … will take notice

yangmi - 樣米 - "sample rice" (a surtax on tax payments in kind; see Reference Notes 61.)

yangqi shengjian - 仰祈聖鑒 - respectfully asking Your Majesty's perusal (conventional salutation in a memorial)

yanjia fangfan - 嚴加防範 - take strict precautionary measures

yanjia - 嚴解 - escort (a prisoner) taking strict precautions.

yanji - 嚴緝 - rigorously arrest

yanming - 驗明 - reveal through a physical examination

yanna chengban - 嚴拏懲辦 - arrest and punish

yan qie - 嚴切 - rigorously

yanquan - 演拳 - practice boxing, martial arts

yanshen - 嚴審 - rigorously judge

yanshen - 研審 - to interrogate

yanshi - 掩飾 - to cover up

yan wan - 延玩 - delay

yanxing chengban - 嚴行懲辦 - carry out severe punishment

yanxing gechu - 嚴行革除 - strictly abolish

yanxun - 驗訊 - investigate by questioning and physical inspection

yan - 簷 - variant of 檐; eaves

yao ai - 要隘 - strategic mountain passes

yaohe - 吆喝 - berate

yaoji - 邀集 - assemble

yaomo xiaochou - 幺䯢小醜 - insignificant riffraff

yaoren - 邀人 - ask someone to...

yaoxie - 要挾 - demand, extortion

yashang - 雅尚 - to hold something in high esteem

ya - 迓 - to go to meet, to welcome

ya - 鴉 - crows

yejing - 業經 - already (time-referent is the present: i.e., when this memorandum is being written)

yi...Jin Qingmao - 已...金青茂 - Jin Qing-mao, who already … ("already": time referent is the present, i.e., when this memorandum is being written)

yi..dengci - 以...等詞 - using...as basis for litigation

yi'an lüyan - 以安閭閻 - to bring peace to the villages (a stock phrase)

yi'an - 一案 - that case

yibian - 以便 - in order to make possible ... (In Document II.1, the magistrate had to be stripped of rank in order to be tried on a criminal charge, hence the impeachment proceeding.)

yibing yanshen - 一併嚴審 - rigorously try (the cases) together

yibing zainei - 一併在內 - all amalgamate within

yibing - 一併 - all together (note that this phraseology is brought right into the rescript.)

yibing - 一併 - together (i.e., the clean copy of the monk's deposition [gongdan 供單] enclosed along with the memorial reporting what he said; the enclosure would normally be kept with the lu-fu)

yibing - 疑兵 - a diversionary force, a feint

yichu - 議處 - penalties for administrative misdeeds

yidu - 以杜 - in order to prevent...

yi fengmu - 以奉母 - because she was taking care of their (can be Shi's or Shi's wife's) mother, in other words, Shi's mother or mother-in-law

yifen shangxia - 以分上下 - to distribute it between superior and inferior

yifu - 伊父 - his father

yifu - 議覆 - to deliberate and report

yigu zuoqi - 一鼓作氣 - rouse their fighting spirit at the first drumbeat

yihai - 貽害 - bring harm to

yihuan - 貽患 - a disaster bequeathed [to posterity]

yihui - 抑諱 - coerce and conceal (the fact of robbery). The full phrase, yi-le hui-dao, appears in the rescript)

yihui - 移會 - communication

yihuo - 弋獲 - to catch criminals

yi jiang zhi - 已降旨 - a decree has already been issued (this says what the court is doing about Yu-tai's concern about border security.)

yijie - 一節 - that portion (of the evidence, just preceding)

yijing fangwen - 一經訪聞 - as soon as it is found out

yi jing - 一經 - as soon as they have been …

yikou - 夷寇 - the barbarian marauders

yikun yushi - 以困于是 - to make matters even worse...

yile - 抑勒 - coerce

yi-lü - 一律 - without exception

yimian - 一面 - on the one hand

yi mian - 以免 - to avoid, obviate

yindi zhiyi - 因地制宜 - adapt measures to the locality

yingkui - 盈虧 - profit and loss

Yingqiu - 英酋 - English headman

Yin Gu er ding - 殷顧二丁 - Yin Zaisheng and Gu Fudeng, the two servants of Shi Changzhi

yingwan - 應完 - ought to pay in full

Yingyi - 英夷 - the English barbarians

yini - 議擬 - recommend

yinjian - 引見 - presented for imperial audience

yinjia - 銀價 - the value of silver (relative to copper)

yinni - 隱匿 - conceal (e.g., bad practices)

yinyou - 因由 - reason

yinyu - 霪雨 - torrential rain

yinzhi - 因之 - continued it

yin - 囙 - alternative character for 因

yiqi - 以期 - in the expectation that …

yi shen guo fa - 以伸國法 - to manifest the Dynasty's laws

yi shen guo xian - 以伸國憲 - in order to manifest the institutions of our Dynasty (Note that guo, which would be elevated above the line in a memorial, is not so in this imperial document)

yishi chengjing - 以示懲儆 - in order to serve as a warning [to others]

yishi - 一時 - for the moment

yishi - 以事 - for some reason (on public business)

yishu - 一疏 - referring to the Board of War recommendation; what imperial command prompted this recommendation, and how was it sent?)

yisu gongling - 以肅功令 - in order to engender reverence for the imperial appointment of officials

yi ti xie na - 一體協拏 - "all work together to arrest" (implies without regard to particular jurisdictions or specialized duties)

yi ti - 一體 - as one body (i.e., jointly)

yiwei - 一惟 - entirely go along with, approve of

Yixin - 奕訢 - personal name of the emperor's brother, the Gong prince ( i.e., the famous "Prince Gong"). Look up the other two officials in Qian 1980 and find their biographies.

yixi … - 抑係 - or, is it that …

yixi - 抑係 - or is it

yixi - 疑係 - suspect that...

yiyao - 易爻 - the yao elements in an Yijing hexagram

yiyi diaobu - 依議調補 - let [them] be transferred as recommended.

yiyi - 依議 - (Let it be done) as recommended.

yiyi - 議以 - the recommendation that...

yiyong - 義勇 - militia braves

yi yu zhenei pishi - 已於摺內批示 - "We [i.e., the emperor] have already expressed Our view on the memorial" (by having written a vermilion rescript [zhu-pi 硃批] on the original memorial, which was then sent back to the memorialist)

yi yu - 一輿 - one cart

yizhang guoxian - 以彰國憲 - to manifest our Dynasty's laws

yizhao dadian - 以昭大典 - in order to display our fundamental institutions; to carry out the evaluation of officials

yi zhengfa - 已正法 - already executed

yizhe - 一轍 - just the same (in the same track)

yizhi buyu - 醫治不愈 - incurable

yizhi - 以致 - with the result that...

yizi - 移咨 - to send a lateral communication (i.e., to another official)

yi … lü - 依...律 - in accordance with the statute that says …

yi … - 以 - being, in the status of

yi - 一 - (indicates an item)

yi - 伊 - he

yi - 役 - labor, service, military service; yamen underlings or runners

yi - 益 - increasingly

yi - 縊 - strangle, hang

yi - 驛 - imperial post system (as opposed to private couriers)

yongjin - 擁進 - crowd in

yongxing zhibi - 用刑致斃 - to kill by torture

yongyue - 踴躍 - enthusiastically, eagerly

yongyu - 壅於 - prevent it from coming to Your Majesty's attention

youdagaojiandeng - 有大誥減等 - possessing a copy of the Proclamations of the Hongwu Emperor, the punishment is reduced one level

youguan - 攸關 - affect; relate to; have a bearing on (you is used like suo 所)

youji - 游擊 - Brigade Commander (Hucker)

youji - 游擊 - ditto, for this rank

you kong - 又恐 - also fears … (refers to another point in Yu-tai's memorial of 21.12.4)

youling - 誘令 - entice (and thus cause...); to lure

you liubaili chizou - 由六百里馳奏 - send by military post at the rate of 600 li per day -- the fastest rate. See Fairbank and Teng 1960.

youming renfan - 有名人犯 - the criminals named (in the memorial)

youtian zhishou - 有忝職守 - to bring disgrace/dishonor to one's office

you wu bai li - 由五百里 - by the courier rate of 500 li per day

youxin - 有心 - intentionally; with an ulterior motive; prejudiced

youyi - 有意 - intentionally

youyuan zhijia - 有怨之家 - "a family against which he had a grievance"

you yu - 又諭 - a further edict (This is a way of recording two separate court letters, obviously the ones referred to on page 2b, line 1. Note that it was not thought desirable or necessary to acquaint the recipients with all the details of the case.)

you - 又 - (introduces a new document on the same day)

you - 幽 - grave, gravesite, tomb (abbreviation of 幽石, 幽矌, 幽宮)

yu...butong - 與…不同 - not the same as...

yu...shaoyou cenci - 與...稍有參差 - differs somewhat from...

yuanbei - 原被 - plaintiff and defendant

yuangao - 原告 - original accuser

yuanji - 原籍 - native place

yuanshen - 原審 - the original trial (at provincial level)

yuanshuai - 元帥 - marshal

yuansi - 院司 - the governor's office

Yuantongan - 圓通菴 - name of a small Buddhist monastery

yuantu - 逺圖 - plan for the long-term, 逺 is a variant of 遠

yuanxian - 院憲 - the provincial governor

yuan yang zi man - 遠颺滋蔓 - fly far away and spread [the rebellion to other areas]

yuanyou - 緣由 - the details; reasons

Yuanzong - 緣宗 - name of a monk

yuan - 援 - adduce (as authority)

Yuan - 源 - Wei Yuan, the author

yuan - 緣 - "It all began when . . . " (This is a standard formula to start recounting an event.)

yuan - 緣 - "to wit, …", namely (there follow the facts of the case, as the tribunal has determined them)

yuchu yuqi - 愈出愈奇 - more and more outrageous

yue - 岳 - wife's parents

yue - 閱 - [We] inspected

yuguan - 魚貫 - one following the other; in single file

yuhai - 遇害 - to be murdered; come to harm

yu jun ji da chen - 諭軍機大臣 - Edict to the Grand Council (voice of the QSL compiler; what follows quotes the text of the final draft of the court letter; i.e., the quote begins after the words shang-yu in Doc. 2.1)

yu ling zhi zhi - 諭令知之 - let him (i.e., the memorialist) know. (This is an order to the Grand Council to forward this decree to Yu-tai in the form of a court letter [ting-ji])

yumou - 預謀 - conspire

yu neige - 諭內閣 - His Majesty sent an edict to the Grand Secretariat

yunie - 餘孽 - remaining evils

yunming - 殞命 - died

yunqiwei - 雲騎尉 - a hereditary honorary title, "commandant of the fleet-as-clouds cavalry"

yunti - 雲梯 - scaling ladder

yunzhun - 允准 - approve, endorse

yuqing - 籲請 - to plead and request

yuque - 踰缺 - crossing over an opening in the city wall

yurou - 腴肉 - fat meat

yurou - 魚肉 - feed off the people (lit. "(treat as) fish and meat")

yushi xunxing - 遇事尋衅（釁） - seek occasions for conflict

Yu tai … zhe - 裕泰。。。摺 - memorial submitted by Yu-tai

Yu tai - 裕泰 - personal name

yu tongtong zuobi - 與通同作弊 - with [him] conspired in this wrongdoing

yu yiyi - 餘依議 - let the remaining matters be handled as recommended. (We cannot tell what these matters are, because the board was apparently ordered to respond to this transfer request only)

yuyou - 遇有 - if there should be, if one should encounter

yuyue - 踰月 - a month later

yuyun fahui - 俞允發回 - approve and send back (to us). The emperor is at the summer capital in Jehol.

yuzhi, butui - 諭之，不退 - "ordered them (to disperse but) they did not withdraw"

yu zhi dao - 諭旨道 - imperial edicts (dao is a counter for edicts). Most of the following items are court letters. The first seven are omitted here.

yuzhi - 諭旨 - imperial edict. yu is respectfully elevated above the line, though in the previous line it obviously is not.

yu - 獄 - jail; a case (as in, civil disturbance, court case, or scandal)

yu - 虞 - worry, concern

zafei - 雜費 - (exactions for) miscellaneous expenses

zaian - 在案 - [which is] on file. A common protective phrase indicating that the preceding statement can be documented.

zaian - 在案 - on file

zaichang - 在場 - at the scene

zaiguan - 在官 - listed in the official registers? in custody?

zaijian - 在監 - in prison

zaisheng zhijie - 再生枝節 - give rise to further incidents

zai tao - 在逃 - fleeing (still not apprehended)

zai - 再 - on another matter – (introduces a separate but related subject)

zai - 再 - on another subject (actually a related subject in this case)

zai - 載 - year

zang - 臟 - loot

zan - 拶 - a torture instrument for squeezing the fingers

zao huce - 造戶冊（扁） - compile registers (The characters hu and ce are combined here into a single character, evidently a conventional abbreviation)

zecheng - 責懲 - punish (by)

zege - 責革 - reprimand and dismiss from office

zei shi - 賊勢 - the rebel situation

zeling - 責令 - put under the charge of

zhachi - 札飭 - issue an order (to a subordinate; 札 is also written 扎 or 劄; see Reference Notes 1.1b)

zhaiyin - 摘印 - take the seal

zhangbi - 杖斃 - beaten to death

zhangcheng - 章程 - regulations

zhang huang - 張皇 - panic, act rashly (short for 張皇失錯, "act rashly and make an error")

zhangjing siyuan - 章京司員 - secretaries, subordinate officials of the boards.

zhangzai - 長仔 - eldest son

zhang - 張 - bold

zhāng - 張 - literally, set up traps to capture animals

zhanliu benren - 斬留本任 - temporarily retain in his original post.

zhànshāishāi - 戰篩篩 - to shiver with fear

zhanxiao - 斬梟 - decapitate and explore the head (as a warning)

zhaobing - 肇兵 - outbreak of war, commence hostilities

zhaochang - 照常 - ordinarily

zhaofu liuli - 招撫流離 - offered amnesty to those who had fled

zhaoge jianwen - 昭格見聞 - to clearly investigate that which we have seen and heard

zhaoli yuanzuo - 照例緣坐 - be punished as guilty by association, according to the substatute

zhao li - 照例 - "in accord with the [appropriate] substatute" [of the Board of Civil Office]

zhaomu - 昭穆 - the proper order of rites in the ancestral cult

zhao nizhi li - 照溺職例 - following the regulation that stipulates the punishment for disgracing a post

zhao qi suoni - 照其所擬 - exactly as they had drafted it

zhaoyi tuoban - 照議妥辦 - manage appropriately as recommended (i.e., blanket approval in advance)

zhao - 招 - confess, testify

zhao - 詔 - proclaim; imperial decree (can be used both as a verb and a noun)

zha - 紮 - to station (troops).

zheben tiehuangnei cheng... - 這本貼黃內稱 - "The summary at the end of this memorial reads ...."

zhejia chongxiang - 折價充餉 - commute the payments and use them for supplying the army

zhenei - 摺內 - in the memorial (i.e., Feng's previous memorial, referred to in the court letter; locate the reference earlier in this document.)

zheng...jian - 正...間 - just when...

zhengcao - 徵漕 - to collect grain tax

zhengfa - 正法 - put to death [the suspects' guilt is presumed and authority to excute on the spot is granted]

zhengli - 爭詈 - struggle and curse

zhengshou...yongzhang - 徵收...用帳 - an account of expenses connected with collecting the "southern rice" tribute-grain

zhengshou - 徵收 - collect (a tax)

zheng-zai…jian - 正在…間 - while just in the process of

zheng - 徴 - to levy (e.g. taxes)

zhenjian - 陣殲 - killed on the battlefield

zhen - 朕 - I (personal pronoun exclusive to the emperor, i.e., the royal "We")

zhen - 鎮 - market town, sometimes the seat of an assistant magistrate

zhese - 折色 - paying equivalent money instead of tax grain

zheshou - 折收 - collect in commuted (money) payment

zhezou - 摺奏 - memorial. See Fairbank and Teng 1960b. Why is this form used rather than the routine ti-ben for this seemingly minor personnel problem?

zhe - 輒 - brazenly, recklessly; without authorization

zhe - 輒 - suddenly

zhibian - 置辯 - to dispute

zhida muban - 支搭木板 - set up a scaffolding ("tower") of wooden boards

zhidang - 至當 - most proper; just right

zhi er fu wen - 置而弗問 - set it aside without investigating it

zhi hui - 知會 - notify

zhijie - 指詰 - pointed out (accusingly)

zhijie - 支觧 - dismember (觧 is a variant of 解)

zhiling - 祗領 - to be received with reverence

zhili - 至理 - ultimate coherence

zhinü - 姪女 - niece (brother's daughter)

zhiqi - 製旗 - manufacture banners

zhishi - 致仕 - to resign from an official post

zhisi minmu - 職司民牧 - is charged with the duty of caring for the people

zhiwei - 指為 - accuse of...

zhiwu - 支吾 - to evade

zhixian Yu - 制憲裕 - Governor-general Yu(tai)

zhixie - 幟械 - flags and weapons

zhixi - 知悉 - fully understand

zhiyu - 至於 - eventuated in...

zhizai - 至再 - repeatedly, over and over

zhize - 至則 - "when he got there, then..."

zhizheng - 質證 - confront with evidence

zhi zi rao lei - 致滋擾累 - to the point of stirring up trouble or false implication [of innocent people]

zhi - 執 - seize

zhi - 志 - relate, record

zhi - 擲 - to throw

zhi - 止 - only

zhi - 紙 - fee

zhi - 至 - even had to; as for (refers to a passage in Yu-tai's memorial of DG 21.12.4)

zhi - 致 - eventuate in

zhongbao - 中飽 - embezzle

zhongchun - 仲春 - second month of spring, second month of the lunar calendar

zhongwai - 中外 - at the capital and in the provinces

zhongxian - 中縣 - a county of medium administrative difficulty

zhong - 踵 - follow

Zhou Tianjue - 周天爵 - name of the governor

zhou - 州 - department

zhuan'an yancan - 專案嚴參 - specially impeached

zhuancao - 轉漕 - levy (lit. "transport") grain tribute

zhuangpian - 撞騙 - find opportunities to swindle

zhuanxing - 轉行 - forwarded

zhuanyao - 轉邀 - recruit

zhuanyue - 轉約 - recruit by proxy

zhuanyu jizhu - 轉予稽誅 - result in delaying the execution

zhuanze - 專責 - primary responsibility

zhuan - 轉 - in his turn (has the sense of doing it at someone's behest)

zhua - 撾 - strike

zhuceng - 逐層 - one by one

zhuilong - 追攏 - pursue and plunder

zhulian - 株連 - incriminate by forcing one suspect to name others, building a chain of incrimination

zhunli - 准理 - accepted for adjudication

zhun qi … - 准其 - We authorize him to …

zhuoding - 酌定 - determine

zhuojian - 酌減 - appropriately reduce

zhuoyi - 卓異 - outstanding (the highest rating in the triennial civil-service fitness reports)

zhuozhu - 捉住 - seize

zhuo - 著 - let

zhuo - 著 - let (an imperial command)

zhuo - 著 - let … (introduces an imperial command)

zhu pi - 硃批 - This is the log entry for the last vocabulary item in Document 1. Here the phrase is used in a verbal sense, with the next phrase acting as the object.

zhupi - 硃批 - vermilion (i.e., imperial) endorsement; this is forthwith quoted

zhusheng - 諸生 - holder of a sheng-yuan degree, licentiate

zhuyi - 逐一 - one by one

zhuyi - 逐一 - one by one (always be careful to distinguish zhu 逐 from sui 遂)

zhu - 囑 -

zhu - 駐 - stationed at

zi...hou - 自...後 - from...onwards...

zican - 咨參 - send a lateral communication (zi 咨) to the Board (of Civil Appointments) impeaching someone.

zicheng - 自稱 - self-proclaim as...

zihu - 自斛 - provide one's own measurement (hu is an old measuring unit for grain)

zijin - 自盡 - commit suicide

ziji - 字寄 - court letter.

zi man - 滋蔓 - spread (lit. sprout tendrils)

ziqiang - 自戕 - to commit suicide

zi rao - 滋擾 - cause a disturbance, disturb the peace, create troubles

zishi - 子時 - 11 PM to 1 AM

zi shi - 滋事 - stir up trouble

ziyi - 自縊 - to hang oneself

zi - 咨 - a lateral communication

zi - 茲 - now

zongdu yamen - 總督衙門 - office of the governor-general

zonghe - 總河 - Director-General of the Grand Canal (Hucker)

zongmen - 宗門 - designation for a particular text-tradition of Buddhism; in this context, indicating the Chan/Zen tradition 禪宗

zong qi - 總期 - generally expecting that…

zongxiong taoyi - 縱兇逃逸 - to allow (the) offenders to escape (Note that the character xiong 兇 is written here using a non-standard form.)

zong xu - 總須 - always must …

zongyuan - 總緣 - all due to

zong - 縱 - even though, granted that

zoucan - 奏參 - impeach (by secret or routine memorial)

zoucheng - 奏稱 - report

zoufu - 驟富 - get rich quick

zou Hu bei … yi zhe - 奏湖北。。。一摺 - This is a statement of the subject of Yu-tai's memorial.

zouwei - 奏為 - memorialize in the matter of. .. (From here to the shi, 3rd ideograph, line 5) is the introductory statement.. The text proper begins with the next ideograph, qian, an introductory particle that does not require translation.)

zou - 奏 - to memorialize; a (palace) memorial

zuiming - 罪名 - sentence (in criminal case)

zuishang shengmen - 最上乗門 - The Gate of the Supreme Vehicle, i.e. Mahāyāna Buddhism

zunfeng shixing - 遵奉施行 - will respectfully receive (the imperial order) and carry it out

zun qianzhi - 尊前旨 - in obedience to previous decree[s]

zunzhao jiang...kaicheng - 遵照將...開呈 - (ordering that) in compliance (with the governor's order), ...be reported (to me)

zunzhao - 遵照 - in respectful accord with...

zunzhi jixin qianlai - 遵旨寄信前來 - "In respectful obedience to the edict, we send this court letter forward" (to the addresses in line two)

zuoci - 作詞 - draw up a legal plaint

zuoyong - 作俑 - to set a precedent, usually used in a derogatory sense

zuoza - 佐雜 - petty officials (Note: zuo is short for zuo-er 佐貳, sub-prefects and assistant magistrates of departments and counties; za is short for za-zhi 雜職, minor officers such as postmasters and granary keepers).

zuo zhen sheng yuan - 坐鎮省垣 - is garrisoning the provincial capital (The Hu-bei governor normally had nearly a thousand soldiers under his direct command.)

zuqian - 足錢 - full-value cash

zuyi - 足以 - enough to ...

仰體

企 - qǐ - stand on tiptoe

伏祈

伏誅 - fuzhu - be beheaded

使

例禁

候補

側讓其半

傅希明 - Fu Ximing - Chris Foster

兜剿

具奏 - ju-zou - submit a memorial

再 - zai - furthermore

凜遵

卓異 - zhuo-yi - outstanding (the highest rating in the triennial civil-service fitness reports)

印號

即 - ji - right away

嘵嘵

四旬 - sixun - forty days

外委

夾擊

奉天府 - feng tian fu - Fengtian Prefecture

嬌娥

定擬 - ding-ni - render a judgment (in a criminal case)

寮左

將次 - jiangci - step by step

屬. . .所轄 - shu . . . suo xia - to fall under the jurisdiction of . . .

平色

府尹 - fu yin - Prefect

康阜

愛 - ai - love

挨

排解

接踵

提臺

撫卹 - fuxu - console, comfort

據此 - ju ci - (memorialist indicates end of Ming-jun's report)

擬 - ni - sentenced to

擬徒配逃 - ni tupei tao - sentenced to exile, (but) escaped

效尤 - xiaoyou - follow (his) bad example

昨 - zuo - in the past, yesterday

有心 - you-xin - intentionally; with an ulterior motive; prejudiced

札飭

棘手

正堂

熟

狂悖 - kuang bei - wild and seditious acts

甘結

疉

科(tax)

罔

羈縻 - jimi - restrain, as with a halter

臣查 - chen-cha - (1) your official observes that...(2) your official has learned (from the reports just described) …

舊規

著 - zhuo - let... (imperial imperative)

蕆功

衣庄店

補委

製臺

襄

詩 - shi - poetry

該督 - gai-du - that governor-general (i.e., Gao Jin)

賈太傅

賊目

質明 - zhiming - at dawn

遐邇

鄭監門

雙眼花翎 - shuangyan hualing - double-eyed peacock feather