New Glossary
aiqing - 愛情 - love or lust
aiwan - 挨晚 - dusk
Aligun - 阿里袞 - personal name
an'na - 按捺 - to restrain/control
anfeng - 案奉 - introduces a quotation from a document received from a higher official
anfu - 安撫 - pacify, calm
ang - 昂 - to rise
anjie - 案结 - case was closed
an-lü - 按律 - according to the statute (in the Qing Code)
an suozhong - 安所終 - How can it be ended?
anzhong - 暗中 - secretly
aoku - 襖褲 - quilted trousers
aoshen - 熬審 - non-stop interrogation
áoyú - 鳌鱼 - a mythical fish, with the head of a dragon and the body of a fish
ao - 厫 - variant for 廒; granary
ao - 抝 - to bend the rules; character variant for 拗
bachi - 把持 - dominate, control (unauthorized); to lay hold of illegally, take over (public functions)
baifa - 拜發 - respectfully dispatch a memorial
bai fa - 拜發 - respectfully dispatched
bailie - 擺列 - set up
baituo - 擺脫 - to cast off or throw off
Baiyiqiao - 白蟻橋 - place name
bai zhe - 拜摺 - sending off the memorial (lit. bowing to it)
bangfei - 幫費 - grain-transport surtax. (Originally levied to defray expenses of the labor-gangs (bang) that hauled grain up the Grand Canal. See Reference Notes 6.1)
bangyu - 蚌鷸 - mussel and snipe
banjun - 辦竣 - finish making arrangements
ban li bu shan - 辦理不善 - "if that magistrate has mismanaged"
banpian - 板片 - the wood block/tablet for printing
banqiang - 搬搶 - remove and steal
baobi - 包庇 - protect
baochou - 報仇 - getting revenge (as in a feud)
bao feng - 包封 - wrap up and seal
bao fen - 包分 - to round up (and pocket the difference); stratagem used by 書差 to extract more money
baohou - 保候 - guarantee a prisoner and have them stay at home while awaiting subpoena (傳訊) by local authorities
baolan - 包攬 - proxy remittance of taxes (or engrossment of any unauthorized local function, such as writing legal briefs)
bao qi du - 飽其蠧 - seek illicit profit(by taking advantage of their job),line their own pockets
baowen - 報聞 - this was noted by His Majesty
baoying yingguo - 報應因果 - Buddhist teaching on the connection of cause and effect
bao zheng - 保正 - headmen of bao mutual responsibility groups; headman of a ward
baozhu - 爆竹 - firecracker
baozou - 保奏 - submit memorials of recommendation
bao - 報 - special dispatch by military post
bayue... - 八月 - the date and senders of the original memorial
bei gaofa - 被告發 - accused in a complaint
beige - 被革 - was cashiered
beini ziju - 悖逆字句 - rebellious language
beixie liangmin - 被脅良民 - good commoners who have been coerced [into joining the rebellion]
beizhong xiepo - 被眾脅迫 - coerced by the mob
ben'nei - 本內 - in the memorial (text of the ti-ben)
ben ri - 本日 - the date of the edict; presumably, the date Yu-tai's memorial was received
bense zhese - 本色折色 - tax in kind and tax commuted to money payment
ben sheli fu - 本攝理府 - this prefect, serving on interim appointment
bianshen - 編審 - census and land registration
bianzuo - 變作 - uprising occurred
bian - 弁 - military officers
bie qing - 別情 - other facts (as yet unrevealed)
biji - 比及 - by the time that...
biling - 逼令 - coerce
bili - 鄙俚 - vulgar
binfen - 繽紛 - in riotous profusion
bing'guan - 稟官 - inform the authorities
bingbao - 稟報 - report to a superior official
bingcheng - 稟稱 - "the report says"
bing cheng - 稟稱 - said in a petition (to the memorialist; here again, the phrase immediately following is quoted from the document just referred to)
binggu - 病故 - die of disease
bingji - 稟賫 - presented in a report
bingwei yanji - 並未言及 - did not speak of it at all
bingyi - 兵役 - troops
bing - 並 - (negative intensifier)
bing - 併 - amalgamate
bini - 避匿 - avoid, elude
biyi - 裨益 - advantage
bizhi lianji - 俾知歛戢 - "so that (they) might know some self-restraint"
bi - 偪 - advance on
bi - 獘 - malpractice
bochi - 駁斥 - expose an error or untruth (駮=駁)
bochi - 駁飭 - denial or rebuttal; overturn; a reversal of the judgment
Bo Qiu - 播酋 - Tribal Chieftain of Bōzhōu 播州(Guìzhōu), namely, Yáng Yīnglóng楊應龍
boshi - 白適 - this seems to be a variant of 白事, "to explain a matter"
boyi - 撥醫 - assign a doctor
bu'an - 部案 - the case (decided by) the Board
bucongzhe - 不從者 - any who fails to obey
budeng - 不等 - in unequal numbers
bufang - 不妨 - no impediment to
bufu - 不敷 - insufficient
bugan - 不甘 - be unwilling
buken - 不肯 - to be unwilling to
buning weishi - 不寧惟是 - not only this; and that is not all
bu qi - 不齊 - not united
busheng haiyi - 不勝駭異 - shocked beyond end
bu si fu dao - 部司府道 - ministries, bureaus, prefectures and circuits
buting - 捕廳 - officials charged with arrest of criminals
butu shigong - 不吐實供 - not give a true deposition, "not spit out the truth." In this case gong means confession, but the term also applies to other forms of sworn statements.
buwang shalu - 不妄殺戮 - refrain from indiscriminate slaughter
buwen - 部文 - communication from the Board (of Revenue)
buying de wei er wei - 不應得為而為 - [the statute against] doing that which ought not to be done
buyi - 捕役 - yamen runners empowered to make arrests
buyi - 部議 - the board has recommended
buyu qinan - 不與其難 - did not share his fate
buzhengsi - 布政司 - Provincial Administration Commission
buzhi ci shuren - 不止此數人 - not limited to these few people
bu zhiqing - 不知情 - not know the situation
buzhi zi'ai - 不知自愛 - not know self-respect (i.e., right conduct)
bu - 堡 - village (also postal station, where it is pronounced pu)
bu - 部 - the board
caiji...xingfu - 才既...性復 - "not only is his ability...(but) his character is also..."
caiju - 才具 - ability; talent
Cai Shaoxun - 蔡紹勳 - personal name
caitai - 裁汰 - eliminate
caiyou chuzhong - 才猷出眾 - of exceptional talent and wisdom
cai - 才 - talent; ability
cai - 採 - pick, gather
candao - 飡刀 - knife used for cutting meat
cangcu - 倉卒 - in the excitement; or, too hastily
cangku - 倉庫 - granary; granaries and treasuries
cangni - 藏匿 - conceal, hide
canzou - 參奏 - impeach by memorial
caofu - 漕賦 - the grain tribute system
caogen mupi - 草根木皮 - grass-roots and tree-bark (standard famine fare)
caoliang - 漕糧 - tax grain transported by water
caomi - 漕米 - tribute grain tax
caoshou - 操守 - personal integrity
caoshuai liaoshi - 草率了事 - bungle; carelessly handle/conclude a case
caowu jibi - 漕務積弊 - accumulated malpractices in the tribute-grain tax system
cao - 漕 - the transport by water of grain, esp. tax grain
cejie - 冊結 - complete the record book of an inspected official
chafang - 查訪 - investigation
chaifang - 差房 - the clerks' office
chaihui - 拆毀 - demolish; destroy
chai - 差 - as in 坐里之差; bailifs or runners for the court (similar to 差役)
chakan - 查勘 - inspect
chana yanjin - 查拏嚴緊 - "efforts to arrest him were rigorous"
chana - 查拏 - found and arrested (na 拏 is an alternate form of na 拿)
chancheng - 欃槍 - a comet (an evil omen signifying rebellion; by extension, the leader of a rebellion)
changge - 常格 - ordinary rules
changluan - 倡亂 - lead an uprising
changyi - 倡義 - volunteered (as a public service), aid in the name of righteousness
chaochu - 抄出 - to copy out
chaolu - 抄錄 - copy out (the barbarians' draft)
chaonao - 吵鬧 - dispute, raise a ruckus
chazhi - 查知 - found out
cha - 查 - I have found (from the written record) that...
Chen Baoming - 陳寶銘 - personal name
chen chahe - 臣查核 - your official has investigated
chen cishi - 趁此時 - take advantage of this occasion
chendeng - 臣等 - your ministers (here begins the body of the memorial).
chengban - 懲辦 - punished
chengchu - 呈出 - submit (as a draft of an edict, for the emperor's approval)
chengci - 呈詞 - legal brief
Chengde xian - 承德縣 - County in present Hebei, outside the Wall, site of the imperial summer capital
chengkong - 呈控 - present a legal plaint (about...)
chengmai - 承買 - purchase on behalf of
Cheng qianhu - 程千戶 - personal name: Battalion Commander Cheng; Chiliarc Cheng
chengsheng - 乘勝 - taking advantage of [previous] victories
chengshen - 承審 - to preside over a trial
chengxiong - 逞兇 - acted violently
chengzhi - 懲治 - correct and punish, admonish
Cheng Zhonghe - 程中和 - personal name
chengzhun - 承准 - receive (a document, from above)
cheng - 稱 - said (in his memorial)
chenke - 辰刻 - 7-9 a.m.
chen ming - 陳明 - state clearly
chen - 臣 - your minister (Although chen was the standard self-reference of Han officials, many Manchu officials used the term nu-cai ("your slave"), despite imperialinstructions to the contrary. See Wu 1967, 51, 71.)
cheren - 撤任 - relieve from duties
che - 掣 - to extract
chi'na - 飭拿 - orders to arrest
chibu - 敕部 - order the Board
chige - 斥革 - cashiered (from licentiate status)
chiwei - 飭委 - order (somebody to do something)
chixie - 持械 - take up arms
chixing - 飭行 - issue an order [for the memorialist's administrative discipline]
chixing - 飭行 - order that ... be carried out
chi yan - 遲延 - procrastinate, dawdle
chi yu zhi yang - 池魚之殃 - disasters suffered by outsiders or innocents
chi - 敕 - an imperial command
chi - 飭 - to order
chi - 馳 - hurry
Chonglun - 崇綸,恆祺 - Heng-qi,personal names
Chongyang xian - 崇陽縣 - place name
Chong yang … guan - 崇陽。。。官 - (summarizes the memorial)
Chong yang … you - 崇陽。。。由 - (summary of the memorial)
chong - 充 - to fill a position
chouyuan - 讐怨 - hatred and desire for revenge (a yitizi of more common 仇怨)
chou - 仇 - nemesis, longstanding enemy
chou - 讐 - variant of 讎
chu...wai - 除...外 - besides...
chuanbo - 傳播 - The 播 in the document is written with 米 in the upper right corner
chuansuo - 串唆 - to team up to instigate
chuanxi - 傳習 - propagate, proselytize
chuanyu - 傳諭 - transmit this edict [Qianlong is still giving orders to the Grand Council.]
chuan - 串 - collude with
chubao anliang - 除暴安良 - do away with troublemakers and bring peace to law-abiding subjects
chudu - 除蠧 - to eliminate corruption
chufen -處分 - sanctions for administrative offenses
chu shi - 出示 - issue a proclamation
chu yi zhen jing - 處以鎮靜 - "handle the situation with composure"
chuzhi - 處治 - punish
Chu - 楚 - the provinces of Hu-bei and Hu-nan
chu - 除 - besides, apart from
chu - 除 - besides...
ci'an - 此案 - this case
cixu ruli - 賜卹如例 - bestow posthumous rewards in accordance with the (appropriate) substatute
ci - 詞 - phraseology, a document
ci - 辭 - excuses
congkuan liuren - 從寬留任 - magnanimously allowed to remain in his post (but bearing the reduced rank)
cuan'ni - 竄匿 - skulk away and hide
cuan yue - 竄越 - escape (across borders?)
cuan - 篡 - illegally
cuike - 催科 - dun for taxes
cuizheng - 催徵 - collect ("urge" payment of) taxes
cui zhi bu li - 催之不理 - their pressures were ignored
cunzhe - 寸磔 - dismemberment, or sometimes used for 凌遲
cuozhi Puqi chengwai - 挫之蒲圻城外 - defeated (held) them outside the walls of Puqi
dabing - 大兵 - government troops (polite way of referring to troops of legitimate ruler)
dadun - 打盹 - doze off
dai...ji - 迨...即 - only when...thereupon...
dai...shi - 迨...始 - only when..., then...
dai ge pu - 代各堡 - on behalf of all the villages/towns
dailing yinjian - 帶領引見 - escort to Imperial audience (after which the new appointment would normally be approved)
daishou qihuo - 代受其禍 - may even bear the brunt of the disaster
dai xing dai yin - 代行代印 - act (and) employ the seal, in the capacity of a substitute
daizhi - 迨至 - by the time
daizui - 戴罪 - bearing his punishment [on his official record] This refers to his administrative punishment (chufen), which will be added to his official title as gezhiliuren.
daji - 大計 - Grand Accounting (Qing officials in the provinces were evaluated (kao-cheng 考成) annually by their provincial superiors. The "Grand Accounting" summarized these evaluations trienially and reported them to the capital.)
dali - 大吏 - high officials
Damingdao - 大名道 - circuit intendant of the Da-Shun-Guang Circuit (situated at Damingfu, whence the conventional name of the post. See Playfair.)
danfu - 擔負 - to shoulder and to carry on the back
dangan - 胆敢 - dared to [胆=膽]
dan gan - 膽敢 - dared to …
dāng chāi - 当差 - yamen runner, clerk
dangjing - 當經 - immediately
dang ji - 當即 - thereupon immediately…
dangyu - 黨羽 - gang
danluo - 膽落 - panic stricken, be scared out of one's wits
dan ruo - 單弱 - weak
dao'an - 到案 - brought to trial
daoan - 盜案 - cases of robbery
daobi - 刀筆 - pettifogger
daobi - 撥奩之資 - funds allocated to dowry
daobu - 到部 - came to the board (i.e. the memorialist's board, that of Civil Appointments 吏部)
daofu dayuan - 道府大員 - high officials of the circuits and prefectures (i.e., taotais and prefects)
daojie - 盜劫 - robbery
daoyou - 導誘 - entice
dao - 道 - counter for imperial edicts
dasuo - 大索 - search for . . . all around
dà táng - 大堂 - the meeting hall in the local magistrate's where official business was handled
daxing - 大刑 - great punishments (military suppression)
daxueshi gong Fu - 大學士公傅 - Grand Secretary, Duke Fu[-heng).
daxueshi - 大學士 - Find these grand secretaries by using the tables in Qian Shifu, Qingdai zhiguan nianbiao 清代職官年表, 1980.
daxueshi - 大學士 - Grand Secretary. Note that Fu-heng is referred to in his role as Grand Secretary, not his role as Grand Councillor.
dayu - 大獄 - a major incident (involving illegality and punishment)
dengjie - 燈節 - the Lantern Festival (the 15th of the first lunar month)
dengqing - 等情 - close quote (indicates that this phraseology was drawn from the original memorial)
deng xiang - 等項 - such matters (i.e., various kinds of expenditures)
dengyin - 等因 -
dengyu - 等語 - (signifies end of summary of depositions)
deshou - 得手 - gain success
dianshi - 典史 - jail warden; police chief
dianya - 巔崕 - steep cliff
Dian - 滇 - short designation for Yunnan
diaobo - 調撥 - to deploy
diaoci kanxun - 弔詞勘訊 - demand an investigation
diao ji - 調集 - transferred and assembled (where do you suppose these troops were originally supposed to be sent?)
diaonan - 刁難 - to make things difficult
diaoren - 調任 - transferred to... (but not yet taken office)
diaotu - 刁徒 - troublemaker, hooligan, ruffian, "bad element"
diaoyuan - 窵遠 - distant
diao - 調 - transferred
diding - 地丁 - combined term for land tax and corvee labor
diedao - 跌倒
die - 疊 - repeatedly
diguzhen - 糴穀賑 - grain purchase fund, for famine relief
dingchuan - 丁船 - soldiers and boats (in the grain-transport service)
dingfei - 鼎沸 - in an uproar
dingli - 定例 - routine practice
dingni juzou - 定擬具奏 - memorialize proposing a [criminal] sentence
dingni - 定擬 - render a verdict
Dingsiqiao yingqia - 丁四僑營卡 - the military post at Dingsiqia
dingxian - 定限 - let the time limit be...
dingxin - 頂心 - the top of the head (Judicial reports on bodily injury are always very specific.)
dingxu - 丁胥 - grain-tribute troops or yamen-clerks
dinv - 嫡女 - the daughter of a primary wife
diyu - 抵禦 - defend
di zhi tu ci - 遞至途次 - "forward to [Yu-tai's] stops enroute"
di - 堤 - an embankment or dike
dongliangcai - 棟樑材 - literally "ridge-pole timber;" "ridge-pole" is often used to imply central support (i.e. of the state, of a movement), and "timber" to imply talent
Dongpingxun - 東平汛 - place-name, in this case probably the site of a military post (xun)
dou na - 兜拏 - arrest, seize
duan'an - 斷案 - to judge/settle a lawsuit
duan bu - 斷不 - definitely not
duan - 斷 - (negative intensifier)
duan - 斷 - negative intensifier; by no means
du ban - 督辦 - manage, supervise
dubiao - 督標 - See Brunnert and Hagelstrom for this military unit.
ducha - 督查 - supervise and investigate
dudu da yuanshuai - 都督大元帥 - commander-in-chief and grand marshal
dufu - 督撫 - governor-general and governor; Two Magnates
duiyun shifei - 兌運實費 - the actual amounts levied for transport expenses
du jiao - 堵剿 - blockade and exterminate; suppress; put down
dunjian - 頓減 - immediately fell
dun - 遁 - escape
duobi - 躲避 - to hide; go into hiding
duode - 奪得 - seize, catch
duosuo - 多索 - further extort
dushuai - 督率 - lead
dutong - 蠧同 - both resemble vermin
En te heng e - 恩特亨額 - (p.n., a Mongol. He and Fu-ni-yang-a, a Manchu, may be looked up in the Qian tables, starting your search with the index in vol. 4)
enzhi - 恩旨 - benevolent rescript
erdeng - 爾等 - you
ershou shixiao - 而收實效 - and get real results
ertang - 二堂 - the room behind the meeting hall in the local magistrate's where official business was handled
er - 邇 - in the recent past
eshou - 扼守 - hold (as a military position)
exi - 惡習 - despicable custom
fabing - 發稟 - issue a petition (to higher authorities)
fajiao - 發交 - remand to
faluo - 發落 - deal with (an offender)
fan'an - 犯案 - break the law
fangcha - 訪察 - investigation
fang du - 防堵 - defend and blockade
fan ge - 反戈 - to turn on one's former allies
fangfan - 防範 - to guard
fang mian - 方免 - only thus can we avoid …
Fang muyou - 方幕友 - personal name: Secretary Fang
fangwu - 房屋 - house
fang - 方 - only then; only when (才)
fanjian - 犯姦 - to commit adultery
fan si - 藩司 - provincial treasurer
fanxue - 樊學 - abbreviation of 樊迟學稼, the time of planting grain
fanyi - 翻異 - retract testimony
fapei - 發配 - banish (to)
faqian - 發遣 - banish
faren - 乏人 - lacking a [suitable] man
fa suo nandai - 法所難貸 - that which the law cannot forgive
fa - 法 - law; also, methods (of governance, as in bianfa)
feibian - 匪變 - 'When bandits revolt', but also 'without revolt'.
feibi tianri - 飛蔽天日 - flew (so that they) darkened the sun and the sky
feifugan - 肺腑肝 - the bottom of one's heart, literally "lungs, inner organs, and liver"
feisu - 飛速 - speedily
fei tu - 匪徒 - bandits
fenbie lulie - 分別臚列 - list separately
fen bie yan ban - 分別嚴辦 - in each case, prosecute rigorously
fenfa gesheng - 分發各省 - was listed as eligible for a post in the provinces
fenfei - 分肥 - "divide the fat" (split the profit)
fenfu - 吩咐 - order
fengci - 奉此 - (a respectful close-quote)
feng shangyu - 奉上諭 - received an imperial edict.
Fengtian fu - 奉天府 - Fengtian Prefecture (modern Shenyang)
fengwen - 風聞 - it was learned that...
fengxionghuaji - 逢凶化吉 - to land on one's feet
fengzhi - 奉旨 - an edict was received (The seven characters that follow would have appeared in red on the first fold of the original ti-ben.)
feng - 峯 - variant for 峰
fenhen - 憤恨 - angry
fenjugecuan - 分居各爨 - to divide family property and live separately (lit. to live separately and each cook for oneself)
fenju - 分居 - live separately (as distinct from living as an "estate household", or jia)
fenwen - 分文 - one copper cash
fenxiang guidao - 焚香跪道 - burn incense and kneel by the roadside
fenxun Song-Tai dao - 分巡松太道 - the circuit intendant (dao-tai) assigned to the Song(-jiang) Tai(-cang) circuit
fen - 焚 - burn
Foyi - 佛夷 - French barbarians
fo - 佛 - oppose
fu bao - 附報 - appended: the original memorial
fubu - 符布 - charms
fucuo - 浮厝 - to place a coffin in a temporary shelter
fufei - 浮費 - excess (collection) for expenses; in essence, a surtax
fu he - 附和 - adhere
fu jiang zhi - 復降旨 - issued another decree (in response to this second concern of the memorialist)
fujing - 甫經 - had just...
fule - 浮勒 - superfluous (levies) and extortionate (practices)
fuqi huangshang ruijian - 伏乞皇上睿鑒 - humbly begging Your Majesty's sage consideration
fuqi - 伏乞 - I humbly beg (Your Majesty)
fushen - 覆審 - retrial; appeal
fu shou liang - 浮收糧 - received grain taxes in excess
fushou - 俯首 - bow their heads (to confess)
fushu - 符書 - written charms, (presumably part of the invincibility magic of these "boxers")
fusi - 伏思 - respectfully opine (less colorfully: "It is our opinion that... ")
fuxian - 撫憲 - governor
fuye - 復業 - resume their occupations
fuyin - 府尹 - prefect (note that the "prefect" of Fengtian was equivalent in rank to a provincial governor.)
fu zai bu rong - 覆載不容 - intolerable to heaven and earth
fuzhen - 復振 - to restore order
fuzhe - 覆辙 - the track of an overturned cart,the experience of failure
fuzhe - 附摺 - attachment to memorial already composed but not yet sent
fuzhou - 符咒 - charms and incantations
fuzou - 覆奏 - memorialize in response
fu - 俘 - (likely meaning) 獻俘, to present a prisoner
fu - 副 - vice-
fu - 復 - furthermore; and further...
fu - 敷 - to be sufficient
fu - 浮 - excessive
fu - 甫 - just (in the recent past), only just
fu - 賦 - prose poem
fu - 赴 - go
gaibu yizou - 該部議奏 - let the appropriate board deliberate and memorialize
gaibu zhidao - 該部知道 - "Let the relevant board be informed."
gaibu - 改補 - be transferred
gai chen yide - 該臣等議得 - "We, your officials, have deliberated."
gaidu - 該督 - the governor-general
gaifu - 該府 - said prefect
gaisheng - 該省 - the provincial authorities concerned
gan du na ban - 趕督拏辦 - speedily supervise the arrest and prosecution (lan 覽 is probably a scribal error for du 督)
Gangkouyi - 港口驛 - the courier post at Gangkou
ganjin - 趕緊 - speedily, forthwith
ganlei wugu - 干累無辜 - implicate innocent persons
ganlian - 幹練 - capable and experienced
Gan San - 甘三 - personal name
ganxin - 甘心 - willingly
ganyang - 趕羊 - to herd sheep
gaoshi - 告示 - proclamation
gaoyi - 告以 - tell (the barbarians)
gebian - 割辮 - queue-clipping (to use for sorcery)
gedengqing - 各等情
ge jiebao qianlai - 各揭報前來 - each made out his report and sent it forward
ge jiu suo shu - 各就所屬 - each to his own jurisdiction
gemao - 革卯 - remove from the rolls
gengshi - 更事 - to experience human affairs
genhui - 跟回 - return with him
genjiu - 根究 - thorough investigation
genjiu - 跟究 - to investigate
ge sheng - 革生 - removed from the examination (see also 革流徒生员)
gewai - 格外 - beyond the stipulated standard
gezhi yici - 各執一詞 - "each maintains his own position"
gezhi - 革職 - be cashiered
gēzi - 哥子 - elder brother
gongcheng - 供稱 - their depositions said … (there follows an excerpt from the depositions of these prisoners).
gongcheng - 工程 - construction work (on the dike)
gong chu - 供出 - testify; depose under interrogation
gongci - 供詞 - depositions
gongdu - 公牘 - official document
gonghou - 恭候 - respectfully await (a wishful depiction of the British attitude, but essential in corresponding with the Throne)
gongjie tiange - 供結填格 , - fill out a report
gongpu - 攻撲 - attack
gongzhao - 供招 - confessions
gong zhe ju zou - 恭摺具奏 - respectfully submit a memorial, respectfully memorialize
gongzhe - 恭摺 - bowing to the memorial (a ceremonial usage, best rendered as "respectfully. ")
gong - 供 - deposition (Note that gong also included court depositions other than criminal "confessions")
gong - 功 - merit, fruit (as in good result; in I.10 used ironically)
gou chuan - 勾串 - hook up with [the Chong-yang rebels]
gousong - 搆訟 - to bring about litigation
gu...yi... - 故...亦... - certainly..., (but) also... (故=固)
guaidai - 拐帶 - abduct, kidnap
guaizhang buzhi - 乖張不職 - grossly unfit for the post
guaming - 挂名 - titular; in name only
Guandimiao - 關帝廟 - temple used to worship Guan Yu, a senior officer of the Shu State during the Three Kingdoms period
Guangping fu - 廣平府 - Guangping prefecture
Guan Hou - 關侯 - Proper Name; Marqius Guan
guan neige - 官內閣 - hold office in the Grand Secretariat
guanyi - 關役 - a runner (lowest class of office personnel) of a customs station
guanze... - 官則... - in the case of an official, ...
guan - 觀 - looking at, observing
gu congkuan - 姑從寬 - provisionally grant leniency
Gu Cong - 顧琮 - personal name
Gui'an - 歸安 - place names
guibi -規避 - evade
guicheng - 詭稱 - it is falsely claimed that … (note the official debunking of popular magical beliefs)
guìhuātīng - 桂花廳 - interior chambers of a house, where women resided
guiju - 歸局 - resolved, settled
guilian - 跪鍊 - to kneel on chains
guishu - 櫃書 - financial clerical subofficial
guisi - 癸巳 - cyclical designation of the day. Note that this amount of detail is given because this is the first of the month.
gujia - 穀價 - grain prices
gujun - 孤軍 - isolated force
guli - 鼓勵 - encouragement (to officials). The text up to this point is ritualistic. The substance of the memorial (the actual case at hand) now begins.
gumu - 姑母 - aunt (father's sister)
gu mu - 雇募 - hired
guntu - 棍徒 - ruffians, local toughs
guo'en - 國恩 - the beneficence of the polity
guochao - 國朝 - the reigning dynasty (respectfully elevated)
guojia - 國家 - the reigning dynasty (not "nation" as in modern usage)
guoji - 國計 - the dynasty's fiscal situation, the national economy
guoji - 過繼 - adopt within the lineage
guotang - 國帑 - government treasury
guoxie - 裹脅 - force to join up; coerce into joining
Guo Xiong fei - 郭熊飛 - the provincial judge mentioned in Yu-tai's memorial
gurong - 姑容 - show indulgence
guxi - 姑息 - temporize, handle indulgently, hesitate, show leniency
gu - 故 - died, deceased
gu - 故 - formerly
haike - 亥刻 - the interval between 9-11 p.m
Haizhou - 海州 - refers to Shi Liangcai
hanbing - 喊稟 - voice a complaint
han hen nan xie - 含恨難洩 - full of hatred, but no outlet
Hanjian - 漢奸 - Chinese troublemakers
hao li bao fen - 毫釐包分 - to round up hao and li to fen
haolisihu - 毫釐絲忽 - four measure words less than "fen"
haomi...piaofei - 耗米...票費 - fees for "wastage", freight, and paperwork
haoxian - 耗羨 - "meltage" surcharge
haoyin yangmi - 耗銀樣米 - meltage fee and "sample" rice (two much-abused surtaxes)
haoyin - 耗銀 - silver "meltage" fees. (For this and other social-economic terms, see Reference Notes 6.1)
hao - 毫 - (a negative intensifier)
hao - 豪 - powerful (implies illegitimate power)
heba - 劾罷 - to impeach to cashier/to impeach and (the emperor) cashiered/to impeach and resulted in the cashiering of
hebing shengming - 合併聲名 - it is incumbent on me to also state clearly (the above facts). 名 is a scribe's error for 明.
hebing - 合並 - together, jointly
he bing - 合併 - (this), together with (the previous matters)
hebi - 嚇逼 - intimidate and coerce
Hefei xian - 合肥縣 - here, refers to the authorities of that county
Heiqiao - 黑橋 - place name
heling - 喝令 - order
heni - 核擬 - investigate [the case] and recommend [a sentence]
he shi bao xiao - 覈實報銷 - examine the actual [expenditures] and render an accounting
hewen - 喝問 - shout, yell
hexi liao'an - 和息了案 - make peace and end the case
hexing - 合行 - it is appropriate that...
heying shoubei - 河營守備 - second captain in the special military detachment assigned to the Yellow River Conservancy.
heyi - 何以 - how come... [Qianlong is ever watchful for omissions from bureaucrats' reports]
he yi - 何以 - how come…
hezhi - 何至 - "how could it result in"; how could it reach the point of …
hezhi - 核之 - investigating (the matter) in...., confront with
he - 核 - investigate, examine
hongbi - 轟斃 - killed by gunfire
hongcao - 鬨漕 - (civilians) riot (over) tribute grain taxes
hong men - 黌門 - school
Hongshang - 洪上 - place name
houhuan - 後患 - later disaster
houlei - 後肋 - the ribs in the back
houshen - 候審 - to await trial
hou - 厚 - great
hu'erguan - 虎而冠 - "wear caps (of office) but behave like tigers"
huahu - 花戶 - taxpaying households
huaihen - 懷恨 - harbor hatred
huaiyin - 懷印 - carrying the official seal
hualing - 花翎 - peacock feather
huanbing - 患病 - to fall ill
huangshang ruijian xunshi - 皇上睿鑒訓示 - "Your Majesty's sagacious consideration and instructions"
huanhao shiban - 換號式頒 - a public proclamation of an imperial edict
huanyue - 換約 - exchange treaties (i.e., the Treaties of Tianjin texts of which had by now been exchanged)
huanzhe - 宦轍 - the path of officialdom
huan - 圜 - encircled
hucheng - 忽稱 - suddenly say (the subject of cheng here is the English).
huhou - 戶侯 - hereditary officeholder, abbreviated from wan-hu-hou 萬戶侯, qian-hu-hou 千戶侯, bai-hu-hou 百戶侯, etc...
huidao - 諱盜 - conceal (the fact of) robbery
huihe - 賄和 - settle (disputes) using money
huihu - 迴護 - to screen and protect [subordinates]
hui jiao - 會剿 - exterminate in concert [with other commanders on the scene]
huiming - 會名 - a secret-society name
huiren - 回任 - return to his post
huishi - 會試 - metropolitan examination
huiti - 會題 - submit a (ti-ben) jointly
huitong - 會同 - act in concert; jointly
huixian - 會銜 - two officials acting jointly
huiying - 會營 - mobilized forces (ying may refer to a local post of Green Standard constabulary troops)
hui - 槥 - a kind of coffin
hui - 毀 - destroy
huo...suo zhi - 或...所致 - "whether it was caused by …"
huogong - 火攻 - to launch a live-fire attack/attack by setting fire to enemy camp
huojiao - 獲交 - have the honor to be acquainted with
huo zhi - 或致 - so that it might result in
huo - 或 - may
hushu - 戶書 - revenue clerks
hutong - 胡通 - how can it be satisfactorily solved?
jiabei - 加倍 - double
jiading - 家丁 - personal servants (of the magistrate)
jiajin - 加緊 - urgently, on the double
jiamai - 嫁賣 - sell as a bride [to someone else]
jianbi - 監斃 - die in prison
jian buchengren - 堅不承認 - firmly denies
jiancai - 剪裁 - to trim (when composing a text)
jian dai - 揀帶 - select and bring along
jianglai - 將來 - posterity
jiang Li Ming… - 將李明 - (This begins the governor-general's recommendation of punishment.)
jiang sanji - 降三級 - demoted three degrees (in rank); subsequently reduced another four degrees. The chu-fen system of administrative discipline is described in Metzger 1973.
Jiangsu anchashi - 江蘇按察使 - the Jiangsu provincial judge
jianguan fuzhuan - 兼管撫篆 - concurrently hold the governor's seal
Jiang-Zhe - 江浙 - Jiangsu and Zhejiang
jiangzhi - 降旨 - decree handed down
jiang - 將 - (goes with zhuo, eleven characters below; here begins the imperial command)
jiang - 將 - (same as colloquial ba 把 construction)
jianmin - 姦民 - evildoers
jianque - 簡缺 - ordinary post (one of three grades of importance)
jiansong - 健訟 - was litigious (implies filing lawsuits without just cause)
jiansong - 檻送 - send in a prisoner-cage
jianxuan yideng - 揀選一等 - was selected as first rank in a special examination for juren
jianxuan - 揀選 - select for appointment
jianyu - 監獄 - jail
jian - 薦 - recommend for appointment or promotion
jian 見 = 現 xian
jiaobao - 交保 - release on bail
jiao bu yi xu - 交部議敘 - Refer his case to the Board [of Civil Office] to be recommended for a raise in administrative rank.
jiaofan - 絞犯 - criminal sentenced to death by strangulation
jiaofu - 轎夫 - sedan-chair bearer
jiaohou - 絞候 - deferred strangulation
jiaohua - 狡猾 - mendacious
jiao jiu huan xin - 繳舊換新 - turn in something old in exchange for a new one
jiaoli - 角立 - stand opposed to
jiaolun - 教論 - go over, correcting (the language)
jiaoshou qingchu - 交收清楚 - turn over (the funds) and make sure (they are correct)
jiaoxiang weinan - 交相為難 - plague one another
jiaoxiang - 膠庠 - school in Zhou dynasty; schools in general; here, refers to the county school system and the sheng-yuan under it
jiaoxia - 狡黠 - deceitful
jiao - 交 - transfer to the command of …
jiao - 蛟 - A kind of dragon associated with water. Refers to a flood?
jiaqi - 加砌 - to pile up
jiashu - 家屬 - dependents
jia - 夾 - torture by pressing (usually the ankles)
jibian - 激變 - incite a revolt
jibi - 擊斃 - attack and slaughter
jibi - 積弊 - accumulated malpractices; longstanding abuses
Ji Can - 嵇璨 - personal name
ji cheng - 激成 - provoke
jichong - 激舂 - set off an incident
jidu - 積蠧 - longstanding malpractice (蠹=蠹)
jiechi - 戒飭 - admonish
jie ci - 藉詞 - relying on excuses
jiehui - 截回 - intercept and send back
jie ku yu - 刦庫獄 - broke open the treasury and the jail
jie rang - 接壤 - border on
jie san - 解散 - disperse (usual effort to separate leaders from followers)
jiesheng - 節省 - saved
jieying - 接應 - meet and reinforce
jiezhang - 接仗 - engage (the enemy)
jiezong - 藉縱 - to allow (disorder)
jie - 刼 - coerce; seize, rob, plunder
jie - 屆 - to reach (a designated date); instance (of a recurrent or cyclical event)
jie - 藉 - when, on the occasion of...
jie - 解 - remit, forward (funds)
jie - 觧 - variant for 解
jifa tianliang - 激發天良 - rouse your natural goodness
jiguan - 積慣 - habitual
jiling - 畸零 - As for the rest; note that the right part of 畸 was written as 竒 in the original text
jimao ke - 己卯科 - the examination quota for the year jimao
ji min - 飢民 - famine victims
jin'ge - 禁革 - prohibit and eliminate
ji na - 緝拏 - arrest
jincheng yulan - 進呈御覽 - submit for imperial inspection
jinfa - 盡法 - to the limit of the law
jin fa - 盡法 - to the limits of the law
jing bing - 精兵 - crack troops
jingbu shizhu rendeng - 經捕事主人等 - the detained plaintiff
jingcheng - 經承 - Assignee (servant personnel in government agency)
jingjin - 淨盡 - entirely, completely
jingji - 荆棘 - thistles and thorns, (issues or situations that are) troublesome, difficult to deal with
jing ming qiang gan - 精明強幹 - sagacious and efficient; intelligent and capable
jingnei - 境內 - within the borders
jingrao - 驚擾 - fearful and perturbed
jingshi - 京師 - the capital, Beijing
jingshou - 經手 - in his management of...
Jin Guizi - 金貴子 - personal name
jingzhi - 經制 - controlled system
jing - 儆 - warn, as a warning
jing - 經 - have undergone
Jin Huixian - 金恢先 - personal name
jinjiao - 進剿 - advance to annihilate
jinjue genzhu - 盡絕根株 - completely root out
Jin Taihe - 金太和 - personal name
jinti qingzhi - 謹題請旨 - respectfully submit a routine memorial and ask for an imperial decree
jinti - 謹題 - respectfully submit a (routine) memorial
jin wei jun tandao zai - 僅為君歎悼哉 - "Is it only over Shi that we grieve?"
jinyao - 緊要 - important
Jin Yunmen - 金雲門 - personal name
jinzou - 謹奏 - (end of quoted memorial, d. jin-ti)
jinzu - 禁卒 - jail warden, turnkey
jin - 禁 - prohibitions
jiqie - 積竊 - habitual thief (Note: the 竊 is written in the document with 耒 in the lower left corner)
jiqiong - 劑窮 - cure the problem
jiqi yongkui - 及其癰潰 - till the boil bursts
jishou - 棘手 - troublesome, prickly
jisong - 齎送 - bring (to an equal or superior)
jiuchang - 久長 - long term, permanent
jiufu - 就縛 - to accept arrest
jiu kun yu ling - 乆困圄囹 - long imprisoned
jiu ming - 究明 - investigate
jiutong - 糾同 - gather, get together with
jiuyou - 究有 - discovered that there were
jiuzhi - 究治 - investigate and punish
jiuzhong - 糾眾 - gather a mob
jiuzhou - 九州 - another name for China
ji xu - 亟須 - urgently requires...
ji - 即 - right away; forthwith
ji - 寄 - a letter (in this case: a ting-ji, a court letter). The text of this court letter follows as Document 2.
ji - 戢 - abated
ji - 既 - since, because
ji - 暨 - and
ji - 激 - incite
ji - 畸 - irregular
ji - 繼 - follow (referring to the succession of hexagrams)
ji - 饑 - famine
ju...bing bao - 據...稟報 - received reports from (always scan down the line to find the document referred to by ju)
ju...difang - 距...地方 - be at a certain distance from a place
ju...jiebao - 據…揭報 - according to reports (from the above officials)
juanshu - 眷屬 - relatives and dependents
jubi - 懼逼 - afraid of coercion (by the rebels)
jubu - 拒捕 - resist arrest
ju bu - 拒捕 - resist arrest
jucheng kangju - 據城抗拒 - hold the city and resist
ju cheng … deng yu - 據稱。。。等語 - according to what [Yu-tai's memorial] says: (Note how the materials that follows is quoted from the folded up section of the memorial; see p. 3 of Chinese text, Document 1. Deng-yu closes the quote.)
jucheng - 具呈 - draw up a legal plaint
juebu kuandai - 決不寬貸 - absolutely no commutation
jueduan - 掘斷 - dig (ditches) so as to cut off
jue-kou - 決口 - breach [in the dike]
jueliang - 絕糧 - food shortage
jueshan - 掘山 - Jue Shan, a mountain in Fujian
jufei - 聚匪 - assemble bandits or rebels
jukong - 具控 - draw up a legal plaint
junling - 峻嶺 - lofty range of mountains
junyu - 軍餘 - supernumerary; the non-serving members registered to a military household
jun - 君 - the gentleman (a polite reference to Shi Chang-zhi)
jun - 竣 - completed
jupiao - 拘票 - arrest warrant
jushang liangbai - 俱傷兩敗 - everybody is injured
jusha - 拒殺 - seize and kill
jushi - 據實 - in accordance with the facts
juti - 具題 - submit a routine memorial
juyou - 詎有 - and yet, here we have...
juzhong - 聚眾 - assemble a crowd
juzou - 具奏 - memorialize
ju zou - 據奏 - We have received your memorial
ju - 居 - be (in a certain condition)
ju - 抅 - to collect
ju - 據 - according to
ju - 距 - separated (here, temporally)
kaicang pingtiao - 開倉平糶 - opened the granaries and sold grain (at standard/non-inflated price)
kaicang - 開倉 - to open a granary to provide relief
kaidao - 開導 - instruct
kaiju - 開具 - to take a statement
kainian cang'gu - 開碾倉谷 - prepare grain (lit. open the granary and husk grain) (谷=穀)
kaiqie - 剴切 - clearly
kaizheng - 開徵 - begin the collection of taxes
kangwei - 抗違 - disobey
kang - 摃 - variant of 扛
kanya - 看押 - take into custody
kanyi fazhi - 堪以髮指 - enough to make one's hair stand on end
kaoji - 考績 - evaluation of achievements
kelian - 科歛 - to levy according to certain provision
ke qi - 剋期 - at an early date
ke ri - 剋日 - an early date; soon (here 剋=刻 )
keyu - 客寓 - inn
ke - 科 - an examination session (triennial)
kong'an - 控案 - file a lawsuit
konggao - 控告 - file a formal complaint
kongxian - 控縣 - filed a lawsuit at the county yamen
kong - 恐 - fears that …
kong - 恐 - probably
kou liang - 口糧 - rations
kouqi - 扣期 - the time required before he can resume the appointment
koushu - 口述 - oral statement
kouxiangyin - 扣饷银 - to reduce soldiers' allowance
kuangbei - 狂悖 - wild and seditious (acts); outrageous behavior
kuikong - 虧空 - a shortage; deficit (in the treasury)
kuilei - 傀儡 - distress, bitterness
kui - 憒 - muddle-headed
ku jizhi - 哭祭之 - mourning, sacrificed to him
kunbang - 綑綁 - tie up
kunfu - 綑縛 - tie up
kun guan - 捆官 - seize (and tie up) an official
kuzhong - 苦衷 - bitter duty
kuzhushan - 苦竹山 - Kudzu Mountain, a mountain in Fujian
lai Pu - 來蒲 - come to Puqi
leijie - 類皆 - most of it is; as a rule; without exception
Leiyang - 耒陽 - place name
leli - 樂利 - are pleased and benefit
lepai - 勒派 - forcibly assign or levy
lesuo - 勒索 - extort
lianfeng - 廉俸 - supplements to the base salaries paid to Qing officials designed to prevent corruption
Liangcai - 亮采 - personal name. This man is also surnamed Shi.
lianghu - 糧戶 - commoner households that paid the land tax
liangmin - 良民 - law-abiding people, "honest folk"
liangren - 良人 - husband
liangyi - 兩儀 - heaven and earth, yin and yang
liangzao - 兩造 - both litigants
lianming - 廉明 - upright
lianren - 斂忍 - to restrain and endure
lianshou - 斂收 - collect
liansui - 連歲 - for some years
lianxian - 連陷 - successively conquered
lianyue buxiao - 連月不消 - did not melt for months
lian - 斂 - dress a corpse for burial and then place within coffin (斂=殮)
lian - 歛 - character variant for 敛
liao kuo - 遼闊 - extensive
liesheng - 劣生 - evil licentiates (sheng-yuan)
lihe - 理合 - as is appropriate; it is appropriate that...
liming - 黎明 - dawn
limin - 吏民 - clerks and (other) commoners
limin - 黎民 - common people
lin feng - 鄰封 - adjoining jurisdictions
linfeng - 鄰封 - neighboring jurisdictions (here, the officials thereof)
lingchi - 凌遲 - to execute by slow slicing
lingqi - 令旗 - banners of command
lingtai - 靈臺 - the place where one's soul resides
lingyi yidao - 另易一道 - substitute another edict
ling you zhi - 另有旨 - "There is a separate decree."
ling you zhi - 另有旨 - (see Document 1)
ling - 令 - cause to …
linpai - 遴派 - depute
lin sheng - 鄰省 - neighboring provinces
liren - 莅任 - assume office, succeed to a post
liuche - 留撤 - retain or withdraw
lixia - 立夏 - the beginning of summer
Li Xingting - 黎形蜓 - personal name
liying - 例應 - ought, according to regulations
lizhi - 吏治 - civil administration
li - 例 - substatute (of the Qing Code)
li - 犁 - plow, to plow
longduan - 壟斷 - monopolize
Longtangyan - 龍塘堰 - place names
lougui - 陋規 - customary fees (lit. objectionable practices)
louwang - 漏網 - slip through the net
lou wang - 漏網 - slip through the net
luejia runshi - 略加潤飾 - dress it up a bit
lueshi wenzi - 略識文字 - somewhat literate
lujiao - 驢腳 - literal translation: donkey's feet
lüjing - 屢經 - repeatedly
lulie - 臚列 - to list
lüli - 履歷 - curriculum vitae; record of career
lungong xingshang - 論功行賞 - determine merit and distribute rewards
lunliu - 輪流 - take turns
luodan - 落膽 - scared stiff
luoyi - 絡繹 - come and go unceasingly
lüxiu - 屢修 - recently applied
lüxi - 縷晰 - state clearly
lüyan - 閭閻 - villages; local society
lü-zai - 律載 - the statute specifies that...
lü - 屢 - repeatedly
lu - 廬 - house
lu - 路 - an administrative division in Song times
maijian - 賣姦 - prostitution
maishu - 麥熟 - the wheat (or barley) ripened (i.e., earlier than usual)
mai xiu mai xiu - 買休賣休 - annulment of a marriage through monetary transaction
maoding - 毛丁 - adult male
maohan - 冒寒 - catch cold
maoren - 冒認 - falsely claim under someone else's name
mazeisi - 罵賊死 - died, cursing the rebels (a stock phrase in accounts of this sort)
mei - 凂 - ancient variant for 浼, to request, ask the favor of
mei - 浼 - requested (as: a middleman, a mediator)
meng - 蒙 - hexagram meaning "education"
meng - 蒙 - receive (from a superior)
mianbing - 面稟 - report in person
miancheng - 面稱 - stated orally (i.e., face to face with the memorialists. The oral report of Chong-lun et al. is closed off by the phrase ge-deng-yu six lines later.)
miao - 苗 - shoots (of young plants)
miezu - 滅族 - extermination of an entire family
mifeng - 彌縫 - to cover up mistakes
mimi - 敉謐 - pacified
ming'ai - 鳴哀 - their cry was mournful
ming chui zhu bo - 名垂竹帛 - to leave a name in bamboo slips and silk (for writing historical records)
mingdao - 命盗 - homicide and robbery
mingjiao - 名教 - body of teachings on morality and ethics
Mingjun - 明竣 - personal name
mingmin - 明敏 - intelligent and clever
mingxia - 命下 - the issuance of the imperial order
mingxi - 明晰 - clear, clarified
mingyue - 銘曰 - the epitaph reads
mingzi - 螟子 - adopted child
ming - 螟 - caterpillars
ming - 銘 - to record; inscribe, engrave
minkun - 民困 - the hardships of the people
minku - 民苦 - the common people suffer from ...
minren - 民人 - commoners
minshu - 民輸 - taxes paid by ordinary people
min - 民 - member of a registered civilian household
mixing - 密行 - meticulously undertake
miyue - 彌月 - a whole month
mi zi - 密咨 - secretly communicate [with officials in those areas]
moruhe - 末如何 - cannot do anything about it
moufan...dengyu - 謀反...等語 - "All persons convicted of high treason, whether as principals or as accessories, are liable to execution by slicing."
mouyong jianshi - 謀勇兼施 - employing both strategy and courage
mouyuan - 某原 - a certain cemetery
mudu - 目覩 - to see with one's own eyes, 覩 is a variant of 睹
muyou - 幕友 - private secretary
Muzhanga deng - 穆彰阿等 - personal name
muzhiming - 墓誌銘 - a standard form of funerary essay, consisting of a biographical section (zhi 志) in prose and a final epitaph (ming 銘) in prose or verse
mu - 畆 - variant of 畝
na huo jian xi - 拏獲奸細 - capture the miscreants
nai - 乃 - therefore
najie - 拏解 - arrest and send (to higher authorities)
nang - 囊 - bag
nanqi zhengchi - 難期整飭 - hard to maintain proper supervision
nanyu yingyang - 難於迎養 - hard to look after them
neikai - 內開 - the contents said... (there follows a direct quote of the document just mentioned)
neiying - 內應 - a response from within (to support an attack from without)
nianji - 念及 - thinking that...
niǎo qiāng - 鳥槍 - musket, arquebus
nidang - 逆黨 - the gang of rebels
niecheng - 捏稱 - falsely charge
niezhu - 躡逐 - to follow in pursuit
nie - 孼 - evil, disaster (a variant of 孽)
nifan - 逆犯 - rebel
nijie - 擬結 - render judgment
ningsi - 凝思 - be lost in thought; ponder
nisi - 擬俟 - intend
ni tu - 拟徒 - sentenced (to)
ni - 擬 - intend
ni - 擬 - sentenced to; recommend a criminal sentence
ni - 擬 - to draft (an edict or court letter). Also means to propose a judgment in a court case.
nüe - 虐 - oppress
nü-juan - 女眷 - female family members
nǚ-qiáng - 女墙 - parapet
ou'chuo - 毆戳 - beat up
ou'shang - 毆傷 - beat and injured
Ouyang Dapeng - 歐陽大鵬 - (an error for Yang Dapeng)
paiti - 牌提 - order the transfer of a prisoner and/or evidence
pai wei - 派委 - depute
panchan - 盤繵 - travel expenses
panchuan - 盤川 - traveling expenses
Pandao buhe - 潘道不合 - Daotai Pan, which is not in accord [with regulations]
Pan Shangzhi - 潘尚智 - personal name
peng - 烹 - to cook
piao qian - 票錢 - fixed amount of money in excess of taxes owed by a family, which the 書差 pocketed
pibei - 疲憊 - tired out
pi chu shan zou - 僻處山陬 - is situated in a secluded mountain area
pifan'nan yaoque - 疲繁難要缺 - an important post that was wearisome, troublesome, and difficult
pigun - 痞棍 - local toughs
pingri - 平日 - ordinarily
pingwen - 平穩 - secure
ping xian - 憑險 - take advantage of natural strategic positions
pingyong - 平庸 - mediocre, average
pinmin - 貧民 - the poor
pinqu weiqi - 聘娶. . . 為妻 - to marry
pishen - 批審 - for an endorsement of the judgment
pishi - 批示 - comment by superior official (on a document submitted by an inferior)
pi - 批 - endorsement, comment; a written instruction in response to a subordinate's communication
poling shenzhuang - 迫令申狀 - (tried to) force him to submit a petition (to superior officials)
pouji chengzhi - 裒積成帙 - gathered together and turned into a booklet
puhu - 舖戶 - store, shop (鋪=舖)
pu mie - 撲滅 - extinguish, wipe out
puze - 撲責 - cane
qi...shi - 妻...氏 - his wife (whose surname the author evidently does not know)
qi'er - 起而 - got up to
qiancao fule - 錢漕浮勒 - "land and grain taxes were excessive and extortionate"
qiancao - 錢漕 - tax grain transported by water
qianche - 籤掣 - drawing of lots (among names on a list of candidates eligible for official appointment)
qiandun - 潜遁 - abscond; slip away
qiang jie - 搶刦 - pillage, rob
qianglue - 搶掠 - loot, sack
qiang - 戕 - kill
qian Haizhou zhizhou - 前海州知州 - former Department Magistrate of Haizhou
qian jing feng zhi - 前經奉旨 - [which], by a previous decree
qianji - 鈐記 - a seal
qianliang - 錢糧 - the land and "tribute" grain taxes; tax revenue; land tax
Qianlong… - 乾隆 - Date the original ti-ben was sent. The next date, fourteen days later, was that of the imperial edict in reply.
qianni yuzhi - 前擬諭旨 - the edict that was proposed in the previous memorial. It is phrased slightly differently in the next line.
qianpiao - 羨票 - remaining notes, money
qianqing - 前情 - the aforementioned circumstances/facts
qianwang - 前往 - go (to the scene)
qianwang - 前徃 - proceed to...
qianxian - 前縣 - the former magistrate
qianzong - 千總 - Company Commander, a low-level rank (6a) in the Green Standards (Hucker)
qian - 潛 - secretly
qian - 鈐 - seal; affix a seal to
qia - 卡 - a barrier or guard-post
qi cheng - 起程 - set forth
qi dangyu chuanbo - 其黨與傳播 - the spread of their organization
qide - 豈得 - how can...
qiecheng - 且稱 - also stated (still an indirect quote of Chong-lun's report)
qienuo - 怯懦 - vacillate, show cowardice
qieqie - 切切 - for your urgent attention
qieshi pingju - 切實憑據 - firm proof
qiezhao - 竊照 - I humbly observe that...
qifen - 氣忿 - angry
qiguizangye - 其歸葬也 - "when his remains had been brought home for burial"
qihao - 旗號 - mottoes on banners
qi huang shang sheng jian - 乞皇上聖鑒 - "awaiting Your Majesty's perusal" (Compare the similar phrase earlier on.)
qihuo keju - 奇貨可居 - rarities that can be hoarded for better prices
qinci - 欽此 - close quote of an imperial utterance
qingbi - 情弊 - circumstances of a crime, irregularities
qinggou - 清勾 - to conscript [someone] in order to fulfill a military service obligation
qingjian - 輕減 - lighten and reduce
qingjie - 情節 - the details of the matter
qing jie - 情節 - the facts of the case; details
qingjin - 青衿 - young scholar's dress; metonymy for scholars
qing lizhi - 清吏治 - purify the civil bureaucracy
qingli - 清釐 - clear up
qingshi - 情事 - circumstances of the case, the facts
qingtang - 請帑 - request (funds from government) treasuries. The unit is not given, but presumed to be taels of silver.
qīng tiān - 青天 - honorable and upright officials; or the quality of honor and uprightness
qingyi zhixin - 輕易之心 - regarding us lightly (Le., contemptuously)
qingyou - 情由 - facts, circumstances (of a case)
Qingyuan - 慶元 - personal name
qingzhi kaifu - 請旨開復 - request an imperial edict authorizing his reappointment
qingzhi - 請旨 - request a decree (In Document II.1, the main action called for by the memorial, to which the rescript is a response.)
qingzhuang - 情狀 - demeanor
qin huo - 捦獲 - seize (捦=擒)
qinmin - 親民 - to care for the people (as a parent)
qinshen - 勤慎 - diligent and prudent
qinti shenwen - 親提審問 - personally try the case
qinti yanju - 親提嚴鞫 - personally interrogate (the criminals)
qinwang - 勤王 - loyal king
qinyi - 親詣 - personally go
qinyu - 侵漁 - to fleece (our metaphor involves a different animal)
qinzhu - 攐住 - detain, hold down
qinzi - 親自 - in person
qinzun - 欽遵 - in respectful obedience
qin - 禽 - arrest (禽=擒)
qiongcu - 窮蹙 - hard-pressed, at the end of his rope
qiongjiu - 窮究 - exhaustively investigate, get to the bottom of
qiongku - 窮苦 - poor
qiong - 窮 - exhausted
qiqi - 其戚 - his relative by marriage
qi quyu min zhe - 其取于民者 - that which is taken from the people...
Qisule - 齊蘇勒 - personal name (in Manchu, Cisule)
qiukuan - 求寬 - beg for leniency
qiuliang - 囚糧 - food for prisoners
qixie - 器械 - instrument, weapon
qi xin gen you - 起釁根由 - the origins of the outbreak
qixin genyou - 起釁根由 - the roots of the conflict
qixin - 起釁 - give rise to hostilities
qi - 啟 - begin; to open
quanzu - 勸阻 - urged him to refrain
qubi - 趨避 - short for 趨利避害, to simultaneously chase advantage and avoid misfortune
queju - 確據 - positive proof
quhou...qianlai - 去後...前來 - (quotation signposts indicating a completed documentary exchange)
qujin xianxue wensheng - 取進縣學文生 - "accepted me as a licentiate in the county school"
quqin - 娶親 - hold a wedding
qusheng - 取勝 - to score a success
quzhi buqu - 驅之不去 - (tried to) chase them away, (but they) did not depart
raolei - 擾累 - burden, disturb, cause annoyance to
raoshe - 饒舌 - complain
ren'nei - 任內 - during the period when Zhe Jin-yuan was serving in that post (ren)
renfan - 人犯 - suspects
renqie - 認竊 - to acknowledge/report (really "concede" here) as "theft" (i.e., not the more serious robbery, dao 盜)
renzhen - 認真 - conscientiously
renzhi - 稔知 - know well, familiar with
ren - 任 - allow
ri - 日 - increasingly (day by day)
rongjie - 鎔解 - melting
rouchan - 肉顫 - shivering
ruanmu - 軟木 - soft wood, cork; this begins an extended metaphorical reference to wood as talent
rugan - 如敢 - if they dare
ruhuan wuduan - 如圜無端 - a vicious circle
ruhuo - 入伙 - join the band
ruobei suo nengwei - 若輩所能為 - “what the likes of them could do”
ruogan - 若干 - a certain number
ruorou qiangshi - 弱肉強食 - the strong prey upon the weak
ruo - 若 - like, for instance
ruxing - 茹刑 - bear torture
sān bān liù fáng - 三班六房 - general reference to all the clerks in county yamen
san cangsu - 散倉粟 - distributed grain from the granary
sandai gong - 三代公 - duke of the three ages
sandang qinqu - 散黨禽渠 - scatter the followers and seize the leaders
sanfasi - 三法司 - The Three High Courts, the highest appeals tribunal, to which all capital cases were referred
sanjun - 三軍 - three armies
saoshu - 掃數 - entirely
sao - 掃 - sweep up
sengren - 僧人 - Buddhist monk
shanbian - 擅便 - act on one's own, without proper authority
shanchu - 刪除 - do away with
shangchai - 傷差 - wound persons on official duties
shangjin - 上緊 - promptly, speedily
shang kong zhi xi - 上控之隙 - opportunity from appeal
shang kong - 上控 - take to trial
shangling - 商令 - conferred with...and had him...
shangsi - 上司 - superior officials
shangyou - 上游 - superior officials
shangyubu - 上諭簿 - Registry of Imperial Edicts.
shanhou shiyi an'nei - 善後事宜案內 - cleaning up the residual affairs of the case
shanhou - 善後 - dealing with the aftermath (of a disaster)
shanhuo - 煽惑 - incite and deceive/lure
shanjian - 刪減 - eliminate and reduce
shan lu qi wu - 山麓砌屋 - brick building at the foot of the (western) mountain
shanzhe - 善者 - good persons, i.e. innocent of wrongdoing
shanzhe - 繕摺 - compose a memorial
shanzou - 山陬 - a remote mountainous location
shan - 膳 - meals, provisions
shaohuan - 稍緩 - take a short break
shaohui - 燒燬 - destroy by fire
shao she - 稍涉 - slightly involve, cross into
Shaoxing - 紹興 - Song reign period
shefa - 設法 - devise means
She Jinyuan - 折錦元 - personal name
shenchi - 甚熾 - very intense
shenchu... - 審出 - investigation would reveal that...
sheng cheng - 省城 - provincial capital
shengjian - 生監 - shengyuan and jiansheng (holders of lower degrees; the latter is purchased.)
shengqin - 生捦 - capture alive
sheng se ju li - 聲色俱厲 - harsh in tone and severe in expression
sheng shu - 省署 - [Yu-tai's] office in the provincial capital
shengtu - 甥徒 - sister's son; nephew
shengu - 身故 - die [this second court letter quoted by Feng cites a memorial actually sent by Feng on 9.3, reporting Yu-ming's death.]
shengyuan - 生員 - licentiates, holders of the lowest examination degree. As "students", they were under the supervision of the county academy
shēng yuán - 生員 - student in feudal society; in Ming and Qing, specifically referring to those who have passed the lowest level of the civil service examination
shengyuan - 省垣 - provincial capital
shenjin shishu - 紳衿士庶 - upper gentry, lower gentry, scholars, and commoners
shenmin - 紳民 - gentry and commoners
shenni - 審擬 - trial and sentencing
shenshu kejia - 甚屬可嘉 - is extremely praiseworthy
shenshu - 審輸 - lose a legal case
shenwei - 甚慰 - greatly comforted
shenxi - 審悉 - reach a judicial finding
shi...er... - 使...而... - if (only)...but...(counterfactual)
shi'en - 施恩 - confer (imperial) favor
shibi - 勢必 - will certainly
shi buhuoyi - 事不獲已 - the matter could not be helped (=不得已)
shicao - 市曹 - execution ground
shigong shishen - 矢公矢慎 - with great care and impartiality
shigu - 勢孤 - cut off, isolated
shikan fazhi - 實堪髮指 - makes the hair stand on end (with anger)
shilang Huang Bing - 侍郎黃炳 - the vice-president [of the Board of Punishments]
shimo - 始末 - beginning and end; i.e., the whole story
Shipanshan - 石盤山 - place name
shi qi mo ji - 噬脐莫及 - idiom meaning despite regret it is to late to help matters
shiqin - 屍親 - relatives of deceased
shisan - 始散 - only then did (the crows) disperse
shishou - 實授 - to take up an official appointment in fact (i.e., show up in person locally to assume one's duties)
shishu - 十屬 - ten subordinate jurisdictions
shishu - 實屬 - really is ...
shixing - 施行 - to carry out
shiyi - 事宜 - matters, affairs
shiyi - 是以 - For this reason
shiyong - 試用 - probationary appointment
shi yu rong - 食與戎 - economic and military affairs
shizhang - 實帳 - true accounts
shizhu - 事主 - victim of a crime, plaintiff
shi - 勢 - the general situation
shi - 師 - hexagram meaning "war"
shi - 適 - (of a woman) to marry; at that time
shi - 釋 - release
shi - 餙 - character variant for 飾
shou chuang - 受創 - suffer an attack, be attacked
shoucong - 首從 - leader and followers
shoudian - 收墊 - to receive in advance
shoujuan - 收捐 - to collect taxes
shu'na - 輸納 - payment of taxes
shuaitai - 帥台 - marshal's platform
shuaitai - 帥臺 - marshal's platform
shuaixing - 率行 - precipitately
shuai - 率 - to lead
shuchai - 書差 - clerk in charge of documents; clerks (in the county yamen)
shūchà - 書差 - clerk in the local yamen
shufang - 疏防 - negligence
shugong - 輸供 - supply
shuijiao - 水脚 - charges for water transport
shui luo shi chu - 水落石出 - let the water drop so that the stones will show (i.e. let everything come to light)
shujiang - 輸將 - pay (taxes)
shuji - 述及 - relate
shukan fazhi - 殊堪髮指 - "makes one furious" (lit., "particularly causes one's hair to stand on end")
shuli - 署理 - administer in an acting capacity
shuli - 豎立 - set up, raise
shu nan ping xin - 殊難憑信 - extremely hard to believe
shuneng fengqiang - 術能封槍 - [his] magical charms can stop up the muzzles of guns
Shuntian [-fu] - 順天 - the metropolitan prefecture around Beijing
Shuntian xiangshi - 順天鄉試 - the provincial examination held in Shun-tian prefecture (i.e., Beijing)
shuoqing - 說情 - speak on her behalf
shuyi - 書役 - clerks and runners
shuzhang - 贖杖 - pay a fine to avoid punishment by caning
shu - 叔 - uncle (father's brother)
shu - 屬 - (1) subordinate officials; (2) belong to (administratively)
shu - 疏 - to memorialize the throne through the routine system, used alone or with ti 題 or zou 奏)
shu - 署 - acting (provisional or temporary appointment)
shu - 鼠 - rat
si bai li … - 四百里(1) - (the rate of transmission, followed by the date and place of dispatch)
si bai li … - 四百里(2) - (rate by which the memorial was returned to the sender, bearing the vermilion rescript)
si bai li … - 四百里 - (the rate of transmission, followed by the date and place of dispatch) (rate by which the memorial was returned to the sender, bearing the vermilion rescript)
sifa - 司法 - judicial administration
sihou - 嗣後 - henceforth
silunbu - 絲綸簿 - Register of Imperial Endorsements (see above.)
sisan - 四散 - fled in all directions
sishi - 死事 - died in the affair/for the sake of his country/in the line of duty
sixing - 肆行 - reckless, outrageous
sizhi - 死之 - died for their duties (in the course of the affair)
si… - 俟 - wait until.. .
si - 俟 - wait
si - 嗣 - afterward; heir
si - 嗣 - heir (this is a case of adoption by a family without male children)
si - 肆 - act outrageously
songbu chahe - 送部查核 - send to the Board for inspection
songgun - 訟棍 - pettifogger, someone who encourages others to file lawsuits and from this seeks profit
Songjiangfu zhifu - 松江府知府 - Prefect of Song-jiang Prefecture
Song Kaibao banian - 宋開寶八年 - In the eighth year of the Kaibao reign period of the Song dynasty
songshi - 訟事 - litigation
songyong - 慫恿 - egg on; incite
song - 訟 - hexagram meaning "fighting"
soubu - 搜捕 - arrest; seek out and seize
souchu - 搜出 - find (upon searching)
souhuo gewujian - 搜獲各物件 - items seized
su faji - 肅法紀 - respect the laws; purify the laws
suhaodi - 素好的 - old friend
suici - 歲次 - the cyclical order of years (refers to the cyclical characters following)
suishi - 隨時 - from time to time, on a continuing basis
sui - 遂 - then, subsequently
suodang - 所當 - well deserves
suogong qingci - 所供情詞 - the facts in the deposition he has made
suoshi - 唆使 - instigate
suoshu - 所屬 - those...under his jurisdiction
suosong - 唆讼 - instigate lawsuits
suo you … yuan you - 所有。。。緣由 - all the factors concerning …
suoyou - 所有 - all of (what the memorialist says about the following matters)
suozha - 索詐 - extort
suozou - 所奏 - (as for) what (XX) has memorialized....
suxing - 速行 - speedily carry out…
suyu youchou - 素與有讐 - person against whom one has long harbored a grudge
Suzhou buzhengshi - 蘇州布政使 - the (Jiangsu) provincial treasurer stationed at Suzhou (the other was at Nanjing)
su - 宿 - spent the night
su - 甦 - relieve (the usual form is 蘇)
tabian - 他變 - further incidents (i.e. renewed warfare)
tacuan - 他竄 - escape elsewhere
taishen - 太甚 - excessive
taiye - 太爷 - district magistrate
taiyin - 抬銀 - had the silver carried out
taizi taibao - 太子太保 - Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, normal rank 1b
tangse - 搪塞 - prevaricate, dodge the question
tang - 倘 - in the event that...
tang - 儻 - if …
tang - 帑 - imperial treasury
tan juan pai juan - 攤捐派捐 - apportion and impose taxes
tan ya - 彈壓 - control, keep in order
tanya - 彈壓 - suppress (the mob)
taoni - 逃匿 - fled and hid
tayi - 他意 - other intentions
tecan - 特參 - special impeachment proceedings
teshi - 特示 - special proclamation
teshu - 特疏 - prepare a special memorial
tian diao - 添調 - additionally transferred
tianjue - 天爵 - model of good and respectable deeds ("a post from heaven," a term used in Mencius)
tiaoting - 調停 - mediate
tiaozhi - 調治 - attend to
ticanshi - 題參事 - concerning an impeachment by routine memorial (This note, on the original draft, bound the piao-qian verbally to the memorial to which it was attached.)
tican - 題參 - impeach through a routine memorial
ticha - 體察 - investigate thoroughly
tichu - 剔除 - to reject, to discard
ti du - 提督 - provincial commander-in-chief. (See Reference Notes 3.2 for this post, part of the Green Standard garrison system)
tifan - 提犯 - bring a criminal before a court
tijie - 題解 - remit
tiji - 提集 - assemble (the parties to a case in court)
ting qi quliu - 聽其去留 - let him decide whether to get rid of her or keep her
tingyun - 停運 - transport has stopped
tí pái - 提牌 - minor clerks dependent on higher officials, often with a negative connotation
tisheng - 提省 - brought before the provincial court (for trial)
tishen - 提審 - judicial review
tishu - 題署 - proposed (in a ti-ben) to be an acting (official) of
titou - 剃頭 - shave the head in front, in the prescribed manner
tixu minjian - 體恤民艱 - having sympathy for the people's distressful plea to...
ti - 提 - to forward to a court for trial
ti - 題 - designate
ti - 題 - term signifying a report in the routine system
tongbing - 通稟 - submit a report; a full report
tongcai - 痛裁 - thoroughly reduce
tong cheng - 痛懲 - severely punish
Tongcheng - 通城 - place name
tongjian - 通姦 - fornicate; consensual sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other
tongpan - 通判 - an official sent to supervise the workings of local governments
tong tie - 銅鐵 - bronze and iron
tongxiangshi - 同鄉試 - same provincial examination
tongxiang - 通詳 - communicate the details
tongyangxi - 童養媳 - an adopted bride (a girl adopted in childhood to serve later as bride for one of the sons)
tongyin - 同寅 - fellow officials of the same office
tongyu - 通諭 - an edict for promulgation throughout the realm
tongzhi gesheng - 通知各省 - circulate a communique to all provinces
tongzhi - 通志 - the provincial gazetteer
tong - 恫 - grief
tong - 統 - commanded, led
toumu - 頭目 - leader; headmen
toushou - 投首 - give oneself up to the authorities
touxu - 頭緒 - clues
tuci - 途次 - a stop (on the journey)
tuiju - 推鞠 - to interrogate
tuishou - 推收 - procedure for making transfer of property and associated tax obligations official
tujiao - 土窖 - an earthen cellar or storage-pit
tuli - 圖利 - to (illicitly) seek profit
tulu - 吐露 - disclose
tuochou - 妥籌 - devise appropriately
tuoming niezao - 托名捏造 - a made-up name
tuoxie - 妥協 - appropriately
Tuo-yong - 託庸 - personal name
tuoyuan - 妥員 - a suitable officer
tuo yuan - 妥員 - trusted officials, appropriate officials
tuo - 托 - request
tuo - 託 - entrust to
tupei - 徒配 - banishment (to another district)
tu si wu yi - 徒死無益 - there is no sense in a useless death
tutuo - 兔脫 - escape (like a rabbit)
tu - 徒 - fellows, ruffians, louts (note the difference between the drafters' more neutral ren 人 and the emperor's contemptuous emendation.)
waijidang - 外紀檔 - Register of Outer Court Copies (a Grand Secretariat record book of memorials copied by the Han Registry; Dang'an gaishu 1985, 43
wajie - 瓦解 - scattered (like tiles in a wind)
wamei - 挖煤 - to mine coal (an activity forbidden without government license)
wan'an - 完案 - close the case
wan'na - 完納 - pay (pay off the shortfall; pay taxes in full)
wangluo - 網羅 - enlist, recruit
wangna - 往拏 - go there to arrest [them)
Wangshi - 王氏 - née Wang (the standard way to refer to a married woman, i.e., by her maiden name.)
wangshu - 往署 - go (there) and assume acting duties
wanhu - 玩忽 - neglectful
wankai - 玩愒 - to neglect one's duty
wanni kefeng - 丸泥可封 - lit., "with a small lump of clay you can seal off the strategic pass" -- an idiom which expresses strategically located and difficult to access terrain
Wazishan, Zengbozhou - 瓦子山曾波州 - place names
wei baoming shi - 為報明事 - report clearly (This was a standard summary-headline for a report on a provincial judgment, one of a number of set phrases for different kinds of routine memorials.)
weibi - 圍逼 - surrounding (and threatening)
weicheng... - 偽稱 - falsely entitle oneself...
weici shi - 為此示 - for these reasons, we are proclaiming...
weihuo - 未獲 - was not caught
weike jianshan qichang - 未克兼擅其長 - cannot claim to excel in both
weinei - 闈內 - wei, gates of the examination hall (i.e., the memorialist was at that time occupied in administering the provincial examinations)
weiqing - 未清 - remain unsolved
weiqu qiuquan - 委曲求全 - do the best possible under the circumstances
wei ren zuo jia - 為人作嫁 - to work selflessly for others, with no benefit for oneself
weishanjiurengongzaiyikui - 為山九仞功在一簣 - a job is not completed until the final step, literally "in building a mountain 9 ren high (about 24 meters), the achievement is in the last basket [of dirt]"
weishi - 偽示 - falsely displayed
weishi - 維時 - just at that time
weiwu - 闈務 - matters concerning the civil-service examination
wei xie - 威脅 - coerce
weiyuan - 委員 - appoint deputies
weiyun - 未允 - did not accede (to their request)
weiyu - 偽諭 - a bogus edict
weizhun bufu - 未准部覆 - no reply from the Board has yet been received
weizui - 畏罪 - to fear punishment
wei…shi - 為…事 - "regarding the matter of . . ." (encloses the subject of the memorial)
wei - 偽 - illegitimate
wei - 微 - little
wei - 惟 - but...
wei - 維 - even
wei - 諉 - put blame on...
wei - 謂 - says
wen feng jing yi - 聞風驚疑 - hearing the news ("on the wind"), become alarmed and uncertain
wenni - 問擬 - to question and sentence (a criminal); short for shenwen niding 審問擬定
wensheng - 文生 - see also 武生 - they were both 生员 in the two branches
wenwu shengyuan - 文武生員 - civil and military licentiates (i.e., the lower-gentry leaders)
wenwu - 文武 - civil and military (civil always precedes)
wenzui - 問罪 - investigate or accuse (as a criminal)
wen - 文 - measure word for copper coins
wobei - 臥碑 - stela listing prohibitory regulations, specifically for the official schools part of the exam system
wubu pizhun - 無不批准 - (The "eight ideographs" quoted here are evidently quoted from the British draft)
Wuchang fu - 武昌府 - the Wu-change prefect
Wu Changhua - 伍長華 - personal name
wu dang - 務當 - must
wude - 毋得 - must not
wu he zhi zhong - 烏合之眾 - rabble; mob; a disorderly band
wuhe - 烏合 - like a flock of crows (i.e. disorganized)
Wuhuashan - 烏㕦山 - place name
wujiang - 務將 - you must
wuji - 無幾 - not many
wuke guizhi - 無可歸罪 - could not put blame (I.10 - on Shi Changzhi)
wukehuan - 無可逭 - inescapable
wuke zhibian - 無可置辨 - render speechless
wuke - 午刻 - the noon hours (11 am--1 pm)
wu lai - 無賴 - (lit. nothing to depend on) good-for-nothing, shiftless
wu ling zi man - 毋令滋蔓 - do not permit [the rebellion] to spread (the perennial imperial worry in such cases)
wu liu yu nie - 勿留餘孼 - do not allow any evil vestige to remain
wunai - 無奈 - could not but...
wuqiong - 無窮 - endless, open-ended
wushao xunyan - 勿稍侚延 - do not procrastinate in the least (a common injunction)
wu shi ji - 誤事機 - botch the opportunity
wusun - 無損 - harmless
wutong - 浯銅 - wuyu 浯嶼 and tongshan 銅山, the two bases previously mentioned
Wu Wen rong - 吳文鎔 - (personal names) Determine their official postings in the Qian tables.
wuxu - 務須 - (you) must
wuzuo - 仵作 - coroner
wu - 伍 - the ranks, the military
wu - 吳 - a short-lived kingdom of the tenth century
wu - 毋 - negative imperative
wu - 誤 - erroneous
xian cheng - 縣城 - the county seat
xiancheng - 陷城 - capture the county seat
xiangbang - 相幫 - aid
xiangbao - 詳報 - report to the official just above
xiangchi - 相持 - held each other at bay/to confront
xiangjie - 詳揭 - reveal in detail
xiang ji - 相機 - in accordance with the circumstances
xiang ji - 相機 - when the opportunity is ripe
xiangming - 詳明 - to report in detail; detailed and clear
xiangtou - 相投 - turn oneself over to; join up with
xiangying - 相應 - hereby (as is appropriate)
xiang yong - 鄉勇 - local mercenary troops, "braves"
xiang - 餉 - funds (probably for military use, jun-xiang)
xian hou - 先後 - one after another
xianhuo gefan - 現獲各犯 - criminals presently in custody
xian huo - 現獲 - presently in custody
xianshi - 先是 - earlier...
xianshu - 縣署 - county offices
xian Wang yu [ ] Pilian - 先王與☐皮臉 - "First, with Wang Pi-lian, Wang ..." (yu is inserted between Wang and another illegible character. These were not formal, public documents, but a file record that could be less than letter-perfect)
xian wang - 先徃 - proceed (to the scene)
xianyuan - 賢員 - worthy official
xian yu Wang [__] Pilian - 先與王☐皮臉 - first, with Wang [ ] Pi-lian . . .
xianyu - 羨餘 - additional taxes levied by local officials to present to higher authority
xianzhi - 現值 - now is the time of...
xian - 憲 - promulgate
xian - 縣 - county, county magistrate
xian - 銜 - honorary title
xian - 限 - a time-limit (in this case, for time that must elapse before an official can be reappointed)
xian - 陷 - capture
xian - 顯 - obviously
xiaofu - 枵腹 - empty stomach
xiaohui - 銷毀 - smelt down
xiaojie - 小節 - small details
xiaoli - 效力 - earn redemption through service
xiaoman - 小滿 - "Filling Grain," 8th of 24 solar terms, beginning around 20 May
xiaomi - 消弭 - to terminate (a case); to prevent
xiao xiao bu xiu - 嘵嘵不休 - continuously quarrel, argue endlessly
xiaoyu - 曉諭 - clearly order (note that yu 諭 can be a command at any level; compare shang-yu 上諭)
Xia Tingyue - 夏廷樾 - personal name
xibu - 檄捕 - warrants for arrest
xiejiao - 邪教 - heterodox teaching
xiejia - 歇家 - agent (specializing in business managing, employment service, credit guarantee, litigation, etc.)
xie li - 協力 - joining forces, in collaboration
xieyou suxian - 挾有夙嫌 - harbor an old grudge
Xie Zhenfan - 謝鎮藩 - (personal name)
Xie Zhengguo - 謝正國 - personal name
xiezhi - 挾制 - to compel; intimidate, coerce, pressure
xie - 廨 - government office
xie - 脅 - coerce, force
xie - 脅 - to compel
xin duan - 釁端 - cause for hostility; occasion for conflict
xingbi - 刑逼 - force by means of torture
xingji - 形跡 - his [suspicious] actions
xingsan - 星散 - to scatter far and wide
xingshi - 星使 - honorific title for an envoy
xing - 幸 - fortunately
Xining - 熙甯 - Song reign period
xin wei zhi zhi - 欣慰之至 - extreme satisfaction
xinwei - 辛未 - the cyclical designation of the year. Note that, although this falls within QL16, this year cannot automatically be translated 1751, as the lunar year spills over into solar 1752.
xinxuan - 心懸 - to be on edge, to be anxious
xin yue cheng fu - 心悅誠服 - be completely convinced; feel a heartfelt admiration
xiong'ou - 兇毆 - fierce fight
xiongdi - 兄弟 - younger brother
xiongjiao - 兇狡 - tough and crafty
xi shu - 悉數 - all
xisong - 息訟 - give up the litigation
xitu - 希圖 - hoping to...
xiubu - 修餔 - likely a mistake for 修補, to repair
xiufang - 脩防 - repair
xi wei - 檄委 - depute
xixiang - 肹蠁 - spiritual inspiration; lit., "noisy-insects and larvae"
xixing - 悉行 - all
xi - 係 - is
xi - 媳 - daughter-in-law
xi - 析 - divide, separate
xuanbu - 宣布 - promulgate
xuanshang zhaomi shimin - 懸賞招覓士民 - post rewards to attract the scholars and commoners
xuanzhi - 旋值 - just at that time ...
xuan - 旋 - before long
xueban - 壆板 - stiff (floor-)boards (or jue-ban, cracks in the floorboards)
xueyuan - 學院 - courtesy title for Provincial Director of Education (see Reference Notes 3.2 for this post)
xufa - 蓄髮 - allow the hair to grow
xumou weifei - 蓄謀為匪 - hatching plots for rebellion
xu mou - 蓄謀 - conspire, hatch plots (This is the emperor's inference from Yu-tai's suspicions)
xumou - 蓄謀 - hatch plots
xunchang - 尋常 - ordinary
xunfang - 巡防 - patrolling and protecting
xunfen gongzhi - 循分供職 - fulfill duties
xun jiu - 訊究 - question and investigate (usually by torture)
xunli - 循例 - in "accord with the [appropriate] substatute [in the Collected Statutes, Da-Qing huidian shili]
xunshu - 洵屬 - truly is
xunsu - 迅速 - promptly
xun su - 迅速 - speedily
xunxi - 訊晰 - clarify by investigation
xunzhi - 殉之 - died (in a noble or sacrificial manner, as a martyr)
xunzou - 尋奏 - a subsequent memorial
xun - 訊 - to find out by investigation
xun - 詢 - investigate
xun - 迅 - quickly
xuqing - 虛情 - under false pretenses
xusuo - 需索 - extort
xuxin - 虛心 - objective, disinterested
xuxuan - 虛懸 - existing only in name
xuyi - 胥役 - county clerks and yamen runners
xuzhi...kuzhong - 須知...苦衷 - should understand how hard this is (for us)
xu - 吁 - bewail, bemoan
xu - 許 - (extract a) promise
xu - 需 - hexagram meaning "food supply"
yajie - 押解 - escort under arrest; arrest, apprehend
yan'na - 嚴拿 - rigorously apprehend
yancan - 嚴參 - impeach strictly
yang...zhixi - 仰...知悉 - in the expectation that … will take notice
yangmi - 樣米 - "sample rice" (a surtax on tax payments in kind; see Reference Notes 61.)
yangqi shengjian - 仰祈聖鑒 - respectfully asking Your Majesty's perusal (conventional salutation in a memorial)
yanjia fangfan - 嚴加防範 - take strict precautionary measures
yanjia - 嚴解 - escort (a prisoner) taking strict precautions.
yanji - 嚴緝 - rigorously arrest
yanming - 驗明 - reveal through a physical examination
yanna chengban - 嚴拏懲辦 - arrest and punish
yan qie - 嚴切 - rigorously
yanquan - 演拳 - practice boxing, martial arts
yanshen - 嚴審 - rigorously judge
yanshen - 研審 - to interrogate
yanshi - 掩飾 - to cover up
yan wan - 延玩 - delay
yanxing chengban - 嚴行懲辦 - carry out severe punishment
yanxing gechu - 嚴行革除 - strictly abolish
yanxun - 驗訊 - investigate by questioning and physical inspection
yan - 簷 - variant of 檐; eaves
yao ai - 要隘 - strategic mountain passes
yaohe - 吆喝 - berate
yaoji - 邀集 - assemble
yaomo xiaochou - 幺䯢小醜 - insignificant riffraff
yaoren - 邀人 - ask someone to...
yaoxie - 要挾 - demand, extortion
yashang - 雅尚 - to hold something in high esteem
ya - 迓 - to go to meet, to welcome
ya - 鴉 - crows
yejing - 業經 - already (time-referent is the present: i.e., when this memorandum is being written)
yi...Jin Qingmao - 已...金青茂 - Jin Qing-mao, who already … ("already": time referent is the present, i.e., when this memorandum is being written)
yi..dengci - 以...等詞 - using...as basis for litigation
yi'an lüyan - 以安閭閻 - to bring peace to the villages (a stock phrase)
yi'an - 一案 - that case
yibian - 以便 - in order to make possible ... (In Document II.1, the magistrate had to be stripped of rank in order to be tried on a criminal charge, hence the impeachment proceeding.)
yibing yanshen - 一併嚴審 - rigorously try (the cases) together
yibing zainei - 一併在內 - all amalgamate within
yibing - 一併 - all together (note that this phraseology is brought right into the rescript.)
yibing - 一併 - together (i.e., the clean copy of the monk's deposition [gongdan 供單] enclosed along with the memorial reporting what he said; the enclosure would normally be kept with the lu-fu)
yibing - 疑兵 - a diversionary force, a feint
yichu - 議處 - penalties for administrative misdeeds
yidu - 以杜 - in order to prevent...
yi fengmu - 以奉母 - because she was taking care of their (can be Shi's or Shi's wife's) mother, in other words, Shi's mother or mother-in-law
yifen shangxia - 以分上下 - to distribute it between superior and inferior
yifu - 伊父 - his father
yifu - 議覆 - to deliberate and report
yigu zuoqi - 一鼓作氣 - rouse their fighting spirit at the first drumbeat
yihai - 貽害 - bring harm to
yihuan - 貽患 - a disaster bequeathed [to posterity]
yihui - 抑諱 - coerce and conceal (the fact of robbery). The full phrase, yi-le hui-dao, appears in the rescript)
yihui - 移會 - communication
yihuo - 弋獲 - to catch criminals
yi jiang zhi - 已降旨 - a decree has already been issued (this says what the court is doing about Yu-tai's concern about border security.)
yijie - 一節 - that portion (of the evidence, just preceding)
yijing fangwen - 一經訪聞 - as soon as it is found out
yi jing - 一經 - as soon as they have been …
yikou - 夷寇 - the barbarian marauders
yikun yushi - 以困于是 - to make matters even worse...
yile - 抑勒 - coerce
yi-lü - 一律 - without exception
yimian - 一面 - on the one hand
yi mian - 以免 - to avoid, obviate
yindi zhiyi - 因地制宜 - adapt measures to the locality
yingkui - 盈虧 - profit and loss
Yingqiu - 英酋 - English headman
Yin Gu er ding - 殷顧二丁 - Yin Zaisheng and Gu Fudeng, the two servants of Shi Changzhi
yingwan - 應完 - ought to pay in full
Yingyi - 英夷 - the English barbarians
yini - 議擬 - recommend
yinjian - 引見 - presented for imperial audience
yinjia - 銀價 - the value of silver (relative to copper)
yinni - 隱匿 - conceal (e.g., bad practices)
yinyou - 因由 - reason
yinyu - 霪雨 - torrential rain
yinzhi - 因之 - continued it
yin - 囙 - alternative character for 因
yiqi - 以期 - in the expectation that …
yi shen guo fa - 以伸國法 - to manifest the Dynasty's laws
yi shen guo xian - 以伸國憲 - in order to manifest the institutions of our Dynasty (Note that guo, which would be elevated above the line in a memorial, is not so in this imperial document)
yishi chengjing - 以示懲儆 - in order to serve as a warning [to others]
yishi - 一時 - for the moment
yishi - 以事 - for some reason (on public business)
yishu - 一疏 - referring to the Board of War recommendation; what imperial command prompted this recommendation, and how was it sent?)
yisu gongling - 以肅功令 - in order to engender reverence for the imperial appointment of officials
yi ti xie na - 一體協拏 - "all work together to arrest" (implies without regard to particular jurisdictions or specialized duties)
yi ti - 一體 - as one body (i.e., jointly)
yiwei - 一惟 - entirely go along with, approve of
Yixin - 奕訢 - personal name of the emperor's brother, the Gong prince ( i.e., the famous "Prince Gong"). Look up the other two officials in Qian 1980 and find their biographies.
yixi … - 抑係 - or, is it that …
yixi - 抑係 - or is it
yixi - 疑係 - suspect that...
yiyao - 易爻 - the yao elements in an Yijing hexagram
yiyi diaobu - 依議調補 - let [them] be transferred as recommended.
yiyi - 依議 - (Let it be done) as recommended.
yiyi - 議以 - the recommendation that...
yiyong - 義勇 - militia braves
yi yu zhenei pishi - 已於摺內批示 - "We [i.e., the emperor] have already expressed Our view on the memorial" (by having written a vermilion rescript [zhu-pi 硃批] on the original memorial, which was then sent back to the memorialist)
yi yu - 一輿 - one cart
yizhang guoxian - 以彰國憲 - to manifest our Dynasty's laws
yizhao dadian - 以昭大典 - in order to display our fundamental institutions; to carry out the evaluation of officials
yi zhengfa - 已正法 - already executed
yizhe - 一轍 - just the same (in the same track)
yizhi buyu - 醫治不愈 - incurable
yizhi - 以致 - with the result that...
yizi - 移咨 - to send a lateral communication (i.e., to another official)
yi … lü - 依...律 - in accordance with the statute that says …
yi … - 以 - being, in the status of
yi - 一 - (indicates an item)
yi - 伊 - he
yi - 役 - labor, service, military service; yamen underlings or runners
yi - 益 - increasingly
yi - 縊 - strangle, hang
yi - 驛 - imperial post system (as opposed to private couriers)
yongjin - 擁進 - crowd in
yongxing zhibi - 用刑致斃 - to kill by torture
yongyue - 踴躍 - enthusiastically, eagerly
yongyu - 壅於 - prevent it from coming to Your Majesty's attention
youdagaojiandeng - 有大誥減等 - possessing a copy of the Proclamations of the Hongwu Emperor, the punishment is reduced one level
youguan - 攸關 - affect; relate to; have a bearing on (you is used like suo 所)
youji - 游擊 - Brigade Commander (Hucker)
youji - 游擊 - ditto, for this rank
you kong - 又恐 - also fears … (refers to another point in Yu-tai's memorial of 21.12.4)
youling - 誘令 - entice (and thus cause...); to lure
you liubaili chizou - 由六百里馳奏 - send by military post at the rate of 600 li per day -- the fastest rate. See Fairbank and Teng 1960.
youming renfan - 有名人犯 - the criminals named (in the memorial)
youtian zhishou - 有忝職守 - to bring disgrace/dishonor to one's office
you wu bai li - 由五百里 - by the courier rate of 500 li per day
youxin - 有心 - intentionally; with an ulterior motive; prejudiced
youyi - 有意 - intentionally
youyuan zhijia - 有怨之家 - "a family against which he had a grievance"
you yu - 又諭 - a further edict (This is a way of recording two separate court letters, obviously the ones referred to on page 2b, line 1. Note that it was not thought desirable or necessary to acquaint the recipients with all the details of the case.)
you - 又 - (introduces a new document on the same day)
you - 幽 - grave, gravesite, tomb (abbreviation of 幽石, 幽矌, 幽宮)
yu...butong - 與…不同 - not the same as...
yu...shaoyou cenci - 與...稍有參差 - differs somewhat from...
yuanbei - 原被 - plaintiff and defendant
yuangao - 原告 - original accuser
yuanji - 原籍 - native place
yuanshen - 原審 - the original trial (at provincial level)
yuanshuai - 元帥 - marshal
yuansi - 院司 - the governor's office
Yuantongan - 圓通菴 - name of a small Buddhist monastery
yuantu - 逺圖 - plan for the long-term, 逺 is a variant of 遠
yuanxian - 院憲 - the provincial governor
yuan yang zi man - 遠颺滋蔓 - fly far away and spread [the rebellion to other areas]
yuanyou - 緣由 - the details; reasons
Yuanzong - 緣宗 - name of a monk
yuan - 援 - adduce (as authority)
Yuan - 源 - Wei Yuan, the author
yuan - 緣 - "It all began when . . . " (This is a standard formula to start recounting an event.)
yuan - 緣 - "to wit, …", namely (there follow the facts of the case, as the tribunal has determined them)
yuchu yuqi - 愈出愈奇 - more and more outrageous
yue - 岳 - wife's parents
yue - 閱 - [We] inspected
yuguan - 魚貫 - one following the other; in single file
yuhai - 遇害 - to be murdered; come to harm
yu jun ji da chen - 諭軍機大臣 - Edict to the Grand Council (voice of the QSL compiler; what follows quotes the text of the final draft of the court letter; i.e., the quote begins after the words shang-yu in Doc. 2.1)
yu ling zhi zhi - 諭令知之 - let him (i.e., the memorialist) know. (This is an order to the Grand Council to forward this decree to Yu-tai in the form of a court letter [ting-ji])
yumou - 預謀 - conspire
yu neige - 諭內閣 - His Majesty sent an edict to the Grand Secretariat
yunie - 餘孽 - remaining evils
yunming - 殞命 - died
yunqiwei - 雲騎尉 - a hereditary honorary title, "commandant of the fleet-as-clouds cavalry"
yunti - 雲梯 - scaling ladder
yunzhun - 允准 - approve, endorse
yuqing - 籲請 - to plead and request
yuque - 踰缺 - crossing over an opening in the city wall
yurou - 腴肉 - fat meat
yurou - 魚肉 - feed off the people (lit. "(treat as) fish and meat")
yushi xunxing - 遇事尋衅(釁) - seek occasions for conflict
Yu tai … zhe - 裕泰。。。摺 - memorial submitted by Yu-tai
Yu tai - 裕泰 - personal name
yu tongtong zuobi - 與通同作弊 - with [him] conspired in this wrongdoing
yu yiyi - 餘依議 - let the remaining matters be handled as recommended. (We cannot tell what these matters are, because the board was apparently ordered to respond to this transfer request only)
yuyou - 遇有 - if there should be, if one should encounter
yuyue - 踰月 - a month later
yuyun fahui - 俞允發回 - approve and send back (to us). The emperor is at the summer capital in Jehol.
yuzhi, butui - 諭之,不退 - "ordered them (to disperse but) they did not withdraw"
yu zhi dao - 諭旨道 - imperial edicts (dao is a counter for edicts). Most of the following items are court letters. The first seven are omitted here.
yuzhi - 諭旨 - imperial edict. yu is respectfully elevated above the line, though in the previous line it obviously is not.
yu - 獄 - jail; a case (as in, civil disturbance, court case, or scandal)
yu - 虞 - worry, concern
zafei - 雜費 - (exactions for) miscellaneous expenses
zaian - 在案 - [which is] on file. A common protective phrase indicating that the preceding statement can be documented.
zaian - 在案 - on file
zaichang - 在場 - at the scene
zaiguan - 在官 - listed in the official registers? in custody?
zaijian - 在監 - in prison
zaisheng zhijie - 再生枝節 - give rise to further incidents
zai tao - 在逃 - fleeing (still not apprehended)
zai - 再 - on another matter – (introduces a separate but related subject)
zai - 再 - on another subject (actually a related subject in this case)
zai - 載 - year
zang - 臟 - loot
zan - 拶 - a torture instrument for squeezing the fingers
zao huce - 造戶冊(扁) - compile registers (The characters hu and ce are combined here into a single character, evidently a conventional abbreviation)
zecheng - 責懲 - punish (by)
zege - 責革 - reprimand and dismiss from office
zei shi - 賊勢 - the rebel situation
zeling - 責令 - put under the charge of
zhachi - 札飭 - issue an order (to a subordinate; 札 is also written 扎 or 劄; see Reference Notes 1.1b)
zhaiyin - 摘印 - take the seal
zhangbi - 杖斃 - beaten to death
zhangcheng - 章程 - regulations
zhang huang - 張皇 - panic, act rashly (short for 張皇失錯, "act rashly and make an error")
zhangjing siyuan - 章京司員 - secretaries, subordinate officials of the boards.
zhangzai - 長仔 - eldest son
zhang - 張 - bold
zhāng - 張 - literally, set up traps to capture animals
zhanliu benren - 斬留本任 - temporarily retain in his original post.
zhànshāishāi - 戰篩篩 - to shiver with fear
zhanxiao - 斬梟 - decapitate and explore the head (as a warning)
zhaobing - 肇兵 - outbreak of war, commence hostilities
zhaochang - 照常 - ordinarily
zhaofu liuli - 招撫流離 - offered amnesty to those who had fled
zhaoge jianwen - 昭格見聞 - to clearly investigate that which we have seen and heard
zhaoli yuanzuo - 照例緣坐 - be punished as guilty by association, according to the substatute
zhao li - 照例 - "in accord with the [appropriate] substatute" [of the Board of Civil Office]
zhaomu - 昭穆 - the proper order of rites in the ancestral cult
zhao nizhi li - 照溺職例 - following the regulation that stipulates the punishment for disgracing a post
zhao qi suoni - 照其所擬 - exactly as they had drafted it
zhaoyi tuoban - 照議妥辦 - manage appropriately as recommended (i.e., blanket approval in advance)
zhao - 招 - confess, testify
zhao - 詔 - proclaim; imperial decree (can be used both as a verb and a noun)
zha - 紮 - to station (troops).
zheben tiehuangnei cheng... - 這本貼黃內稱 - "The summary at the end of this memorial reads ...."
zhejia chongxiang - 折價充餉 - commute the payments and use them for supplying the army
zhenei - 摺內 - in the memorial (i.e., Feng's previous memorial, referred to in the court letter; locate the reference earlier in this document.)
zheng...jian - 正...間 - just when...
zhengcao - 徵漕 - to collect grain tax
zhengfa - 正法 - put to death [the suspects' guilt is presumed and authority to excute on the spot is granted]
zhengli - 爭詈 - struggle and curse
zhengshou...yongzhang - 徵收...用帳 - an account of expenses connected with collecting the "southern rice" tribute-grain
zhengshou - 徵收 - collect (a tax)
zheng-zai…jian - 正在…間 - while just in the process of
zheng - 徴 - to levy (e.g. taxes)
zhenjian - 陣殲 - killed on the battlefield
zhen - 朕 - I (personal pronoun exclusive to the emperor, i.e., the royal "We")
zhen - 鎮 - market town, sometimes the seat of an assistant magistrate
zhese - 折色 - paying equivalent money instead of tax grain
zheshou - 折收 - collect in commuted (money) payment
zhezou - 摺奏 - memorial. See Fairbank and Teng 1960b. Why is this form used rather than the routine ti-ben for this seemingly minor personnel problem?
zhe - 輒 - brazenly, recklessly; without authorization
zhe - 輒 - suddenly
zhibian - 置辯 - to dispute
zhida muban - 支搭木板 - set up a scaffolding ("tower") of wooden boards
zhidang - 至當 - most proper; just right
zhi er fu wen - 置而弗問 - set it aside without investigating it
zhi hui - 知會 - notify
zhijie - 指詰 - pointed out (accusingly)
zhijie - 支觧 - dismember (觧 is a variant of 解)
zhiling - 祗領 - to be received with reverence
zhili - 至理 - ultimate coherence
zhinü - 姪女 - niece (brother's daughter)
zhiqi - 製旗 - manufacture banners
zhishi - 致仕 - to resign from an official post
zhisi minmu - 職司民牧 - is charged with the duty of caring for the people
zhiwei - 指為 - accuse of...
zhiwu - 支吾 - to evade
zhixian Yu - 制憲裕 - Governor-general Yu(tai)
zhixie - 幟械 - flags and weapons
zhixi - 知悉 - fully understand
zhiyu - 至於 - eventuated in...
zhizai - 至再 - repeatedly, over and over
zhize - 至則 - "when he got there, then..."
zhizheng - 質證 - confront with evidence
zhi zi rao lei - 致滋擾累 - to the point of stirring up trouble or false implication [of innocent people]
zhi - 執 - seize
zhi - 志 - relate, record
zhi - 擲 - to throw
zhi - 止 - only
zhi - 紙 - fee
zhi - 至 - even had to; as for (refers to a passage in Yu-tai's memorial of DG 21.12.4)
zhi - 致 - eventuate in
zhongbao - 中飽 - embezzle
zhongchun - 仲春 - second month of spring, second month of the lunar calendar
zhongwai - 中外 - at the capital and in the provinces
zhongxian - 中縣 - a county of medium administrative difficulty
zhong - 踵 - follow
Zhou Tianjue - 周天爵 - name of the governor
zhou - 州 - department
zhuan'an yancan - 專案嚴參 - specially impeached
zhuancao - 轉漕 - levy (lit. "transport") grain tribute
zhuangpian - 撞騙 - find opportunities to swindle
zhuanxing - 轉行 - forwarded
zhuanyao - 轉邀 - recruit
zhuanyue - 轉約 - recruit by proxy
zhuanyu jizhu - 轉予稽誅 - result in delaying the execution
zhuanze - 專責 - primary responsibility
zhuan - 轉 - in his turn (has the sense of doing it at someone's behest)
zhua - 撾 - strike
zhuceng - 逐層 - one by one
zhuilong - 追攏 - pursue and plunder
zhulian - 株連 - incriminate by forcing one suspect to name others, building a chain of incrimination
zhunli - 准理 - accepted for adjudication
zhun qi … - 准其 - We authorize him to …
zhuoding - 酌定 - determine
zhuojian - 酌減 - appropriately reduce
zhuoyi - 卓異 - outstanding (the highest rating in the triennial civil-service fitness reports)
zhuozhu - 捉住 - seize
zhuo - 著 - let
zhuo - 著 - let (an imperial command)
zhuo - 著 - let … (introduces an imperial command)
zhu pi - 硃批 - This is the log entry for the last vocabulary item in Document 1. Here the phrase is used in a verbal sense, with the next phrase acting as the object.
zhupi - 硃批 - vermilion (i.e., imperial) endorsement; this is forthwith quoted
zhusheng - 諸生 - holder of a sheng-yuan degree, licentiate
zhuyi - 逐一 - one by one
zhuyi - 逐一 - one by one (always be careful to distinguish zhu 逐 from sui 遂)
zhu - 囑 -
zhu - 駐 - stationed at
zi...hou - 自...後 - from...onwards...
zican - 咨參 - send a lateral communication (zi 咨) to the Board (of Civil Appointments) impeaching someone.
zicheng - 自稱 - self-proclaim as...
zihu - 自斛 - provide one's own measurement (hu is an old measuring unit for grain)
zijin - 自盡 - commit suicide
ziji - 字寄 - court letter.
zi man - 滋蔓 - spread (lit. sprout tendrils)
ziqiang - 自戕 - to commit suicide
zi rao - 滋擾 - cause a disturbance, disturb the peace, create troubles
zishi - 子時 - 11 PM to 1 AM
zi shi - 滋事 - stir up trouble
ziyi - 自縊 - to hang oneself
zi - 咨 - a lateral communication
zi - 茲 - now
zongdu yamen - 總督衙門 - office of the governor-general
zonghe - 總河 - Director-General of the Grand Canal (Hucker)
zongmen - 宗門 - designation for a particular text-tradition of Buddhism; in this context, indicating the Chan/Zen tradition 禪宗
zong qi - 總期 - generally expecting that…
zongxiong taoyi - 縱兇逃逸 - to allow (the) offenders to escape (Note that the character xiong 兇 is written here using a non-standard form.)
zong xu - 總須 - always must …
zongyuan - 總緣 - all due to
zong - 縱 - even though, granted that
zoucan - 奏參 - impeach (by secret or routine memorial)
zoucheng - 奏稱 - report
zoufu - 驟富 - get rich quick
zou Hu bei … yi zhe - 奏湖北。。。一摺 - This is a statement of the subject of Yu-tai's memorial.
zouwei - 奏為 - memorialize in the matter of. .. (From here to the shi, 3rd ideograph, line 5) is the introductory statement.. The text proper begins with the next ideograph, qian, an introductory particle that does not require translation.)
zou - 奏 - to memorialize; a (palace) memorial
zuiming - 罪名 - sentence (in criminal case)
zuishang shengmen - 最上乗門 - The Gate of the Supreme Vehicle, i.e. Mahāyāna Buddhism
zunfeng shixing - 遵奉施行 - will respectfully receive (the imperial order) and carry it out
zun qianzhi - 尊前旨 - in obedience to previous decree[s]
zunzhao jiang...kaicheng - 遵照將...開呈 - (ordering that) in compliance (with the governor's order), ...be reported (to me)
zunzhao - 遵照 - in respectful accord with...
zunzhi jixin qianlai - 遵旨寄信前來 - "In respectful obedience to the edict, we send this court letter forward" (to the addresses in line two)
zuoci - 作詞 - draw up a legal plaint
zuoyong - 作俑 - to set a precedent, usually used in a derogatory sense
zuoza - 佐雜 - petty officials (Note: zuo is short for zuo-er 佐貳, sub-prefects and assistant magistrates of departments and counties; za is short for za-zhi 雜職, minor officers such as postmasters and granary keepers).
zuo zhen sheng yuan - 坐鎮省垣 - is garrisoning the provincial capital (The Hu-bei governor normally had nearly a thousand soldiers under his direct command.)
zuqian - 足錢 - full-value cash
zuyi - 足以 - enough to ...
仰體
企 - qǐ - stand on tiptoe
伏祈
伏誅 - fuzhu - be beheaded
使
例禁
候補
側讓其半
傅希明 - Fu Ximing - Chris Foster
兜剿
具奏 - ju-zou - submit a memorial
再 - zai - furthermore
凜遵
卓異 - zhuo-yi - outstanding (the highest rating in the triennial civil-service fitness reports)
印號
即 - ji - right away
嘵嘵
四旬 - sixun - forty days
外委
夾擊
奉天府 - feng tian fu - Fengtian Prefecture
嬌娥
定擬 - ding-ni - render a judgment (in a criminal case)
寮左
將次 - jiangci - step by step
屬. . .所轄 - shu . . . suo xia - to fall under the jurisdiction of . . .
平色
府尹 - fu yin - Prefect
康阜
愛 - ai - love
挨
排解
接踵
提臺
撫卹 - fuxu - console, comfort
據此 - ju ci - (memorialist indicates end of Ming-jun's report)
擬 - ni - sentenced to
擬徒配逃 - ni tupei tao - sentenced to exile, (but) escaped
效尤 - xiaoyou - follow (his) bad example
昨 - zuo - in the past, yesterday
有心 - you-xin - intentionally; with an ulterior motive; prejudiced
札飭
棘手
正堂
熟
狂悖 - kuang bei - wild and seditious acts
甘結
疉
科(tax)
罔
羈縻 - jimi - restrain, as with a halter
臣查 - chen-cha - (1) your official observes that...(2) your official has learned (from the reports just described) …
舊規
著 - zhuo - let... (imperial imperative)
蕆功
衣庄店
補委
製臺
襄
詩 - shi - poetry
該督 - gai-du - that governor-general (i.e., Gao Jin)
賈太傅
賊目
質明 - zhiming - at dawn
遐邇
鄭監門
雙眼花翎 - shuangyan hualing - double-eyed peacock feather