The Imperiia Project: a spatial history of the Russian EmpireMain MenuProjectsDashboardsData CatalogMapStoriesGalleriesGamesWho said history was boring?Teach Our ContentCiting the ProjectKelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5The Imperiia Project // Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Harvard University
12022-06-27T22:25:10-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Sary Sinap apple10Botanical lithograph of a variety that likely originated in the southern coast of the Black Sea (at Sinop) and thrived in Crimea. With the Saint Germaine pear the "alpha and omega" of Crimean orchardry. The Sary Sinop is considered a first-class market fruit, appealing for eating and cooking. Candied fruit factories use it exclusively. Yield is high, which explains why it plays a crucial role in the Crimean economy despite fetching 1 ruble 50 kopeks per pood (half the price of many reinette varieties). This is the calling-card apple of Karasubazar.plain2022-07-05T11:45:52-04:0001/01/1700 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vyp.1, no.11Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-06-30T11:15:32-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Winter Master pear8A tree identified in Belgium in the second half of the 18th century. In the right circumstances (warm and sheltered locations), this pear is delicious; but less than ideal conditions yield pears for cooking. Crimean gardeners complain that the Winter Master requires too much moisture and protection. The fruit fall easily in the wind - a problem in Crimea. The editor writes that whenever one sees gorgeous Winter Masters on the table you can be sure they are from France. Russian-grown Winter Masters are few in number. Yet a correspondent writes from St. Petersburg to point out that in general, Crimean pears increasingly compete with French pears and their progress is such that the latter "might soon be a memory."plain2022-07-05T09:21:09-04:0001/01/1790 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 1, no. 23Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-06-30T11:34:15-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Saint Germaine pear5The Saint Germaine (Сен Жермен) originated near Paris and enjoys renown throughout Europe. The Sary Sinap and Saint Germaine "are the alpha and omega of Crimean orchardry" and there isn't a garden in Crimean where the Saint Germaine does not grow. It fetches anywhere from 2 rubles 50 kopeks to 4 rubles per pood. Moscow fruit sellers reported that the highest quality fruit came from Alushta and Kuru Uzen, Karasubazar and Bahcesaray.plain2022-07-05T08:31:14-04:0001/01/1675 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 1, no. 25Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-06-30T12:10:56-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Duchesse d'Angouleme pear5Identified in 1809; date of introduction into Russia unknown. This pear is widespread in Podolia, the southern coast of Crimea, and the Caucasus. It is sensitive to frost and thus Kiev to is far north for this variety. It ripens in mid-September and travels well. A popular table fruit.plain2022-07-05T08:32:19-04:0001/01/1860 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 2, no. 44Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-07-05T05:44:09-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Williams pear5The editors speculate that improvements in the conserving industry might encourage increased production in Russia. In Crimea it is an August fruit and is called the "Mistress of Summer" on Moscow markets. A large fruit with "beautiful flavor and aroma." Its only drawback is that it lasts only 20 days. Known as the Bartlett pear in America.plain2022-07-05T09:28:31-04:0001/01/1880 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 2, no. 48Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-06-30T10:26:38-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Forest Beauty pear5Widespread abroad and in Russia. Crimea, the southwest, and Kingdom of Poland, even the northwest and Pskov. Ripens along the southern coast of Crimea in July; in the river valleys in August. Table fruit. It comes to the Moscow market from Crimea from the river valleys, southern coast, and Karasubazar. The Bahcesaray pears last well. Extraordinarily productive variety with an annual yield.plain2022-07-05T09:29:16-04:00Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 1, no. 21Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-07-05T05:23:25-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Bere Bosc pear4Known as the Bere Aleksandr in Crimea, a top market pear for the table. Tasty, with high yields, and thus a "hot recommendation" for horticulturalists. Moscow markets get fruit from Bahcesaray, Simferopol, and Karasubazar, as well as the southern coast, but the best came from the Kacha River.plain2022-07-05T12:27:36-04:0001/01/1835 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 2, no. 47Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-07-05T04:56:09-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Ardanpon pear4The Ardanpon (Hardenpott) was identified in 1750. In the late 19th century it was well-established in Crimea and the most profitable (and tasty) of all winter pears. In Crimea it was known as the Ferdinand, and was often sent to the Moscow markets from the Kacha valley and from Alushta and Kuru Uzen. (St. Petersburg markets sold French pears.) This chromolithograph is based on a pear sent for the purposes of the Atlas in 1896 from Alushta. It weighed 422 grams.plain2022-07-05T12:35:21-04:00Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 2, no. 45Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-06-27T22:06:24-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Golden Winter Pearmain apple4An English pear identified in 1800. At an 1894 international exposition there were 33 Golden Winter Pearmain entries, including from the western provinces, the Baltics, Crimea, Kherson, Yekaterinoslav, Poltava, Tersk and Kuban. The fruit ripens in October. This is a case of beauty over longevity though, thus the Golden Winter is best dried or made into cider. Atlas correspondents wrote in to add that the Golden Winter Pearmain stood up well to rain but could fall victim to moths and geese.plain2022-07-05T08:20:59-04:0001/01/1800 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vypusk 1, no. 1Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-07-05T05:13:19-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Bere Dil pear4The Bere Dil has been known since the early 18th century. It moved into Russia from the west, thriving along the Black Sea coast and spreading to the Caucasus. In Crimea it was considered a profitable fruit for export and was sent to Moscow as the "Half Imperial" pear.plain2022-07-05T08:31:35-04:0001/01/1700 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 2, no. 46Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-07-01T10:19:19-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Bere Gri pear4The Bere Gri was identified in Normandy in 1625. It can be found all over Poland, the southwest, Crimea, and the Caucasus, but no one knows exactly when it arrived.plain2022-07-05T08:31:53-04:0001/01/1625 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 4, no. 91Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-06-30T11:30:48-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Triumf Zhoduan pear3This pear is not widespread. It requires ideal conditions and stringent maintenance. It comes to Moscow from Alushta, Kuru Uzen, and Bahcesaray. Kapustin describes it as "A large, beautiful pear with good flavor."plain2022-07-05T08:45:18-04:0001/01/1890 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 1, no. 24Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-07-05T12:09:18-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Curé pear2Limited to Crimea where it is known as the Winter Williams or the Long Duchess. In 1891 it was one of the most profitable pears as a result of a bumper crop. It travels well but otherwise its success depends on many variables. Trees grown in the blackearth of the north Kuban could rival the Crimean quality (Alushta produces the best fruit). Excellent for drying and preserves.plain2022-07-05T12:09:49-04:0001/01/1839 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 3, no. 74Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-07-05T11:52:30-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Bere Clairgeau2A new French pear that has spread to Belgium, America, southern Russia, and the Caucasus. A late-October harvest with a short shelf-life and a need for moisture, small numbers make their way to Moscow. "Beautiful and wonderfully flavorful with meltingly soft flesh."plain2022-07-05T11:52:52-04:0001/01/1838 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 3, no. 70Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5
12022-07-05T12:00:25-04:00Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5Autumn Mistress2An Italian pear (осенняя деканка) that grows in Poland, the southwestern provinces, Kiev, Chernigov, Yekaterinoslav, Poltava, Kherson, and especially in Crimea. A remarkable table fruit with high market value. In Crimea it goes by the names Golden Butter or Beure Blanc and has been well known for half a century.plain2022-07-05T12:00:42-04:0001/01/1850 - 01/01/1917Atlas plodov (1906) vyp. 3, no. 71Kelly O'Neilldc20b45f1d74122ba0d654d19961d826c5a557f5